Uma i-hand chain hoist igcwele kakhulu, mangakanani amathuba okuphuka kweketango?

Uma i-hand chain hoist igcwele kakhulu, mangakanani amathuba okuphuka kweketango?

1. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokugcwala kwe-hand chain hoist kanye nokuphuka kweketango

1.1 Umgomo wokusebenza weisandla chain hoistkanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-chain force
I-hand chain hoist iyisisetshenziswa esivame ukusetshenziswa sokuphakamisa mathupha. Umgomo wayo wokusebenza uwukudonsa iketango lezandla ukuze lizungezise isondo leketango lesandla, ngaleyo ndlela lishayele isondo eliphakamisayo ukuze lijikeleze, futhi ekugcineni liphakamise into esindayo ngeketango eliphakamisayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza, ukungezwani okuthwalwa yiketango kufana nomthwalo wawo olinganiselwe, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcwala ngokweqile, ukungezwani okubangelwa iketanga kuzokhula kakhulu.
Ngokwamazinga omklamo wama-hand chain hoists, amandla eketango lawo aklanywa ngokwesici esithile sokuphepha somthwalo olinganiselwe. Isibonelo, ku-hoist yeketango lesandla elinomthwalo olinganiselwe we-1 ton, isici sokuphepha seketango layo ngokuvamile siphakathi kuka-4 no-6, okusho ukuthi ukungezwani okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kweketango izikhathi ezi-4 kuya kwezi-6 kunomthwalo olinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, uma umthwalo olinganiselwe usudlulile, amandla ochungechunge azodlula ububanzi bokuklama.
Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwamandla, lapho iketango liphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, ukungezwani okuthwelwe isixhumanisi ngasinye kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo. Uma kulayishwa ngokweqile, ukucindezeleka kwe-chain link kuzokhula ngokushesha. Ngokomgomo woomakhenikha bezinto ezibonakalayo, ingcindezi yesixhumanisi seketango ilingana nokushuba futhi ilingana ngokuphambene nendawo enqamula ingxenye yesixhumanisi seketango. Uma ukucindezeleka kwesixhumanisi seketanga kudlula amandla okukhiqiza wezinto ezibonakalayo, isixhumanisi seketanga sizobhekana nokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki; uma iqhubeka idlula amandla aqinile wento, isixhumanisi seketango sizophuka.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, izingozi zokuphuka kweketango lama-hand chain hoist zenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokwezibalo ezifanele, ezingozini ze-hand chain hoist, ukuphuka kweketango okubangelwa ukulayishwa ngokweqile kwama-akhawunti afinyelela ku-70%. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yokwakha, iketango lezandla elinomthwalo olinganiselwe wamathani angu-3 lalisetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa isisindo esingamathani angu-5. Ngenxa yalokho, iketango laphuka ngokuzumayo phakathi nenqubo yokuphakamisa, okwenza isisindo siwe, okubangela ukulimala kwemishini kanye nokulimala kwabasebenzi. Le ngozi ilubonisa ngokugcwele usongo olukhulu lokugcwala ngokweqile ekuphepheni kwamaketango okuphakamisa isandla.

2. Izinto ezithinta amathuba okuphuka kweketango

2.1 Idigri yokulayisha ngokweqile
Izinga lokulayisha ngokweqile lingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta amathuba okuphuka kweketango lama-hand chain hoists. Ngokusho komshini wezinto ezibonakalayo nedatha yokuhlola ehlobene, lapho umthwalo we-chain hoist weqa u-10% womthwalo olinganiselwe, amathuba okuphuka kweketango azokhuphuka kakhulu. Isibonelo, nge-chain hoist enomthwalo olinganisiwe we-1 ton, lapho umthwalo wangempela ufinyelela amathani angu-1.1, amathuba okuphuka kwamaketanga angaba ngu-5%; futhi lapho umthwalo ufinyelela ku-150% womthwalo olinganiselwe, amathuba okuphuka azokhuphuka abe ngaphezu kuka-30%.
Lokhu kwanda kwamathuba ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yokuthi isici esithile sokuphepha siye sacatshangelwa ekwakhiweni kweketango, kodwa ukugcwala ngokweqile kuzonqamula ngokushesha leli banga lokuphepha. Ukuthatha uhlobo oluthile lwe-chain hoist njengesibonelo, isici sokuphepha seketango layo singu-5, okungukuthi, ngeke siphuke phakathi nezikhathi ezingu-5 zomthwalo olinganiselwe ngokombono. Kodwa-ke, ekuhlolweni kwangempela, lapho umthwalo ufinyelela izikhathi ezi-2 zomthwalo olinganiselwe, amathuba okuphuka kwamaketanga asondele ku-20%. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi uma izinga lokugcwala liphezulu, ingozi enkulu yokuphuka kweketango.

2.2 Chain material kanye nekhwalithi
Umthelela wezinto zeketango kanye nekhwalithi emathubeni okuphuka akukwazi ukushaywa indiva. Amaketanga ekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuvamile enziwe ngensimbi enamandla kakhulu e-alloy, futhi amandla awo aqinile namandla okukhiqiza aphezulu kakhulu kunensimbi evamile. Isibonelo, amandla aqinile wamaketanga ensimbi ye-alloy ephezulu angafinyelela ku-1200 MPa, kanti amandla aqinile wamaketanga ensimbi ajwayelekile angama-800 MPa kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwesimo esifanayo sokugcwala ngokweqile, amathuba okuphuka kwamaketanga ensimbi ye-alloy aphansi kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokukhiqiza iketango izophinde ithinte izinga layo. Amandla wephoyinti lokushisela leketango elinenqubo ye-welding esezingeni eliphansi izoba ngaphansi kakhulu kunezinga elivamile. Ngokocwaningo olufanele, amathuba okuphuka kweketango elinamandla anganele amaphuzu okushisela azoba phezulu ngo-15% kunalawo eketango elinekhwalithi yokushisela efanelekayo ngaphansi kokulayishwa ngokweqile okungu-10%. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi ye-chain material kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza inquma ngokuqondile ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcwala ngokweqile.
Kafushane, izinga lokulayisha ngokweqile kanye nezinto kanye nekhwalithi yeketango yizici ezimbili ezibalulekile ezithinta amathuba okuphuka kweketango le-hand chain hoist. Ukulayisha ngokweqile kuzokwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuphuka kweketango, kuyilapho impahla ye-chain yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza inganciphisa le ngozi ngezinga elithile. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa i-hand chain hoist, ukunamathela ngokuqinile emthwalweni olinganisiwe nokukhetha amaketanga ekhwalithi ephezulu yizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwamathuba okuphuka ekusebenziseni kwangempela

3.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo okusekelwe emacaleni ezingozi
Ngokwezibalo zamacala ezingozi afanelekile, ukulayishwa ngokweqile kubangela izingozi ezifika ku-70% zokuphuka kweketango le-chain hoist. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yokwakha, iketango elinomthwalo olinganiselwe wamathani angu-3 lalisetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa isisindo esingamathani angu-5. Ngenxa yalokho, iketango laphuka ngokuzumayo phakathi nenqubo yokuphakamisa, okwenza isisindo siwe, okuholela ekulimaleni kwemishini kanye nokulimala kwabasebenzi. Ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe kutholwe ukuthi lapho umthwalo we-chain hoist udlula u-10% womthwalo olinganiselwe, amathuba okuphuka kweketango anda kakhulu, futhi lapho umthwalo ufinyelela ku-150% womthwalo olinganiselwe, amathuba okuphuka angakhuphuka abe ngaphezu kuka-30%.
Ngokwezibalo zemboni, ukulayishwa ngokweqile kuvamile ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kwama-chain hoist, ikakhulukazi kwamanye amabhizinisi amancane nasezindaweni zokwakha. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuphatha nokuqondisa okuqinile, ukulayishwa ngokweqile kwama-chain hoist kuvame ukwenzeka. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, kube nezingozi ezingu-120 zokuphuka kweketango le-chain hoist ezidalwa ukulayishwa ngokweqile, okubalelwa ku-68% yenani eliphelele lezingozi ze-chain hoist. Lezi zingozi azigcinanga ngokudala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho, kodwa ziphinde zaholela ekulimaleni kwabantu abaningi.
3.2 Ukubala kwethiyori kanye nokulingiswa
Ngokombono wokubala kwetiyori, amathuba okuphuka kweketango lamaketango e-hand hoist angahlolwa ngomshini wezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezibalo zamathuba. Ngokomgomo wokumakhenikha wezinto ezibonakalayo, amathuba okuphuka kweketango ahlobene eduze nengcindezi engaphansi kwayo namandla aqinile wento. Lapho ukucindezeleka kweketanga kudlula amandla okukhiqiza wezinto ezibonakalayo, uchungechunge luzobhekana nokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki; uma iqhubeka idlula amandla aqinile wento, iketango lizophuka.
Ukuthatha uhlobo oluthile lwe-hand chain hoist njengesibonelo, isici sokuphepha seketango layo singu-5, okungukuthi, ngeke siphuke phakathi nezikhathi ezi-5 zomthwalo olinganiselwe ngokombono. Kodwa-ke, ekuhlolweni kwangempela, lapho umthwalo ufinyelela izikhathi ezi-2 zomthwalo olinganiselwe, amathuba okuphuka kwamaketanga asondele ku-20%. Ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zokulingisa, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi lapho idigri yokulayisha ngokweqile ingu-10%, amathuba okuphuka kwamaketango acishe abe ngu-5%; futhi lapho i-overload degree ifinyelela ku-50%, amathuba okuphuka azokhuphuka kakhulu afike ku-25%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokulingisa izimo zengcindezi zamaketango e-hand hoist ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokugcwala ngokweqile ngokuhlaziywa kwesici esinomkhawulo, amathuba okuphuka kweketango angabikezelwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Imiphumela yokulingisa ibonisa ukuthi amathuba okuphuka kwamaketango awahlobene kuphela nezinga lokugcwala ngokweqile, kodwa futhi ahlobene eduze nezici ezifana nokukhubazeka kokuqala kweketango kanye nezakhiwo zokukhathala zezinto. Isibonelo, uma kukhona ukuqhekeka okuncane kokuqala kweketango, amathuba okuphuka kwawo azoba phezulu ngokuphindwe kaningana kunalawo eketango elingenasici.
Kafushane, amathuba okuphuka kweketango lapho okuphakanyiswa kweketango lezandla kugcwele kakhulu angahlolwa kabanzi ngenhlanganisela yezibalo zecala lengozi nokubala kwetiyori nokulingisa. Le miphumela yocwaningo inikeza ireferensi ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa okuphephile kwama-hand chain hoist.

4. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuphuka kweketango

4.1 Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamaketango ezandla
Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwama-hand chain hoist kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuphuka kweketango. Okokuqala, opharetha kufanele basebenze ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nomthwalo olinganiselwe wezinto zokusebenza futhi ukulayisha ngokweqile kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele. Ngokwezibalo, ukulayishwa ngokweqile kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuphuka kwamaketango amaketango ezandla, okubalelwa ku-70%. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, umthwalo olinganiselwe nomthwalo wangempela wezinto zokusebenza kufanele uhlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kokubili kufana.
Ukwengeza, ngesikhathi sokusebenza, qinisekisa ukuthi iketango le-hand chain hoist limiswe mpo ukuze ugweme ukudonsa nge-oblique. Ukudonsa kwe-oblique kuzokwandisa amandla e-chain, okwenza ukuthi iketango linyakaze kalula ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphakamisa, ngisho nokuguqulwa nokugqoka. Isibonelo, endaweni yokwakha, u-opharetha wadonsa iketango lezandla ngendlela egobile, okwaholela ekutheni kube namandla angalingani eketangoni, futhi ekugcineni iketango laphuka phakathi nenqubo yokuliphakamisa, labangela ukulimala kwemishini nokulimala komuntu.
Lapho udonsa iketango, amandla kufanele agcinwe enganyakazi ukuze agweme ukudonsa nokudonsa. Ukudonsa kungazelelwe futhi kunamandla kungase kubangele ukuba iketango ligxumeke noma liphuke, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezigcwele kakhulu, ingozi izokwanda kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, opharetha kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe futhi basebenzise izindlela ezifanele zokusebenza ukuze baqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwe-hand chain hoist.

4.2 Ukuhlola kanye nokugcinwa njalo
Ukuhlola njalo nokugcinwa kuyiziqinisekiso ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kweketango le-hand chain hoist. Okokuqala, iketango kufanele lihlolwe ngokugcwele, kuhlanganise nokuthi isixhumanisi ngasinye seketango sigugile, sikhubazekile noma siqhekekile. Ngokusho kocwaningo olufanele, ukugqokwa kweketango kuzonciphisa kakhulu amandla alo okuqina. Lapho ukuguga kweketango kufinyelela ku-10% wobubanzi bawo, amandla ayo okuqina azoncishiswa cishe ngama-20%. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokugqoka kwamaketanga kanye nokushintshwa ngesikhathi kwamaketanga agqoke kakhulu kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvimbela ukuphuka kwamaketanga.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izingxenye ze-hand chain hoist, njengezingwegwe, ama-sprocket, njll, kufanele zihlolwe. Ukuguqulwa noma ukuqhekeka ku-hook kungabangela isisindo ukuba sishelele, kuyilapho ukuguga kwe-sprocket kuzothinta ukusebenza okuvamile kweketango futhi kwandise amandla eketangeni. Ukugcotshwa okuvamile kweketango ne-sprocket kunganciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi kunwebe impilo yesevisi yeketango. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi impilo yesevisi yamaketanga agcotshwe njalo inganwetshwa ngaphezu kwama-30%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kusungulwe uhlelo lokuhlola olujwayelekile ukuze kubhalwe imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngakunye ukuze kutholakale izinkinga ezingaba khona futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo ngesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, inkampani ethile yasungula isimiso sokuhlola esivamile, yenza ukuhlola okuphelele kwe-hand chain hoist nyanga zonke, yashintsha amaketanga aguge kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi yanciphisa ngokuphumelelayo izigameko zezingozi zokuphuka kwamaketango.
Kafushane, ingozi yokuphuka kweketango ingancishiswa ngempumelelo futhi ukusebenza okuphephile kwezinto zokusebenza kungaqinisekiswa ngokusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-hand chain hoist kanye nokuhlolwa nokugcinwa okuvamile.

5. Isifinyezo
Ngocwaningo olujulile lobudlelwano phakathi kokugcwala kakhulu kwe-chain hoist kanye nokuphuka kweketango, kuhlanganiswe nezigameko zezingozi zangempela, izibalo zethiyori nezifaniso, nezingxoxo ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela, kungafinyelelwa iziphetho ezilandelayo:
5.1 Ukugcwala ngokweqile kuyimbangela enkulu yokugqashuka kweketango
Ukulayisha ngokweqile kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokuphuka kwamaketango kuma-chain hoists, okubalelwa ku-70%. Lapho umthwalo we-chain hoist udlula i-10% yomthwalo olinganiselwe, amathuba okuphuka kwamaketanga akhula kakhulu; futhi lapho umthwalo ufinyelela ku-150% womthwalo olinganiselwe, amathuba okuphuka kweketango akhuphuka abe ngaphezu kuka-30%. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi uma izinga lokugcwala liphezulu, ingozi enkulu yokuphuka kweketango.
5.2 Ukubaluleka kwe-chain material kanye nekhwalithi
Izinto kanye nekhwalithi yeketango kunomthelela omkhulu emathubeni okuphuka. Amaketanga asezingeni eliphakeme ngokuvamile enziwa ngensimbi ye-alloy ephezulu, enamandla afinyelela ku-1200 MPa, kanti amandla aqinile wamaketanga ensimbi ajwayelekile angama-800 MPa kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emaketangeni anobuchwepheshe bokushisela obusezingeni eliphansi, amathuba okuphuka azoba phezulu ngo-15% kunalawo amaketanga anekhwalithi efanelekile yokushisela lapho elayishwe ngokweqile ngo-10%. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zamaketanga nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza ihlangabezana nezindinganiso kuyizindlela ezibalulekile zokunciphisa ubungozi bokuphuka kwamaketango.
5.3 Ukuhlolwa kwamathuba okuphuka ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela
Kusukela ezenzweni zezingozi zangempela, eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, kube nezingozi zokuphuka kwamaketango eziyi-120 ezidalwe ukulayishwa ngokweqile, okubalelwa ku-68% yenani eliphelele lezingozi zamaketango. Ngokubala kwethiyori kanye nokulingisa, lapho idigri yokulayisha ngokweqile ingu-10%, amathuba okuphuka kweketango cishe angama-5%; lapho i-overload degree ifinyelela ku-50%, amathuba okuphuka azokhuphuka kakhulu afike ku-25%. Ukwengeza, ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezinomkhawulo kubonisa ukuthi amathuba okuphuka kweketango awahlobene kuphela nezinga lokugcwala, kodwa futhi ahlobene eduze nezici ezifana nokukhubazeka kokuqala kweketango kanye nezakhiwo zokukhathala zento.
5.4 Ukuphumelela kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela
Ukusetshenziswa okulungile kwamaketango ezandla nokuhlola nokugcinwa njalo kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvimbela ukuphuka kweketango. Ama-opharetha kufanele asebenze ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nomthwalo olinganiselwe wezinto zokusebenza, futhi ukulayishwa ngokweqile kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qinisekisa ukuthi iketango limiswe mpo, gwema ukudonsa i-oblique, gcina amandla aqinile, futhi ugweme ukudonsa nokudonsa ngamandla. Ukuhlola njalo ukuguga kweketango nokushintsha iketango eliguge kakhulu kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokugqashuka kweketango. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcoba okuvamile kweketango ne-sprocket kunganweba impilo yesevisi yeketango futhi kunciphise amathuba okuphuka.

Kafushane, amathuba okuphuka kweketango lapho isiphakamisi seketango lezandla silayishwe ngokweqile ahlobene eduze nezinga lokugcwala, okubalulekile kweketango kanye nekhwalithi. Ngokulandela ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza, ukukhetha amaketanga ekhwalithi ephezulu, nokuhlola nokugcinwa njalo, ingozi yokuphuka kwamaketanga ingancishiswa ngokuphumelelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kwe-hand chain hoist.