Izici zokuphepha zama-wire rope electric hoist

Izici zokuphepha zezintambo zikagesi zokuphakanyiswa kukagesi: ukhiye wokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokusebenza kwezimboni

Emkhiqizweni wesimanje wezimboni, izintambo zikagesi zezintambo ziyinto evamile yokuphakamisa futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu emafektri, ezindaweni zokugcina impahla, ezindaweni zokwakha nakwezinye izindawo. Ngokusebenza kahle kwayo okuphezulu nokubalula, ihlinzeka ngokunethezeka okukhulu kokuphatha nokuphakamisa imisebenzi. Nokho, ukuphepha kuhlale kuwukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko ekusebenziseniintambo yezintambo zikagesi. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izici zokuphepha zezixhumi zikagesi zezintambo ngokujula, futhi yenze ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe okuvela ezicini eziningi ezifana nokuklama nokukhiqiza, ukuphepha kokusebenza, ukugcinwa nokuhlola, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo, okuhloswe ngayo ukunikeza abasebenzisi isiqondiso esiphelele sokuphepha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokwethembeka kwemisebenzi yezimboni.

1. Uhlolojikelele lwezintambo zikagesi zokuphakanyiswa kukagesi

(I) Incazelo kanye nesakhiwo esiyisisekelo
Izintambo zikagesi zokunyuswa kwezintambo ziwumshini wokuphakamisa omncane nezincane, ikakhulukazi ezakhiwe izinjini, izinto zokudlulisela, izigubhu nezintambo zocingo. Ishayela isigubhu ukuthi sijikeleze phakathi kwenjini ukuze umoya noma ukukhulula intambo yocingo, ngaleyo ndlela ibone ukuphakamisa nokunyakaza kwezinto ezisindayo.
(II) Umgomo wokusebenza
Umgomo wokusebenza wezintambo zikagesi zokukhushulwa ulula. Lapho i-motor ivuliwe, i-motor shaft ishayela igiya kusinciphisi ukuze lijikeleze, futhi igiya lishayela isigubhu ukuze sijikeleze. Intambo yocingo esigubhini iyalinyazwa noma iyakhululwa lapho isigubhu siphenduka, futhi ihuku iye phezulu naphansi ngokukhuphuka nokuwa kwentambo yocingo, ngalokho ibona ukuphakanyiswa kwezinto ezisindayo.
(III) Izinkambu zokufaka isicelo
Izintambo zikagesi zezintambo zisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni, kuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje:
Ama-workshops asefekthri: asetshenziselwa ukuphatha impahla, ukufakwa kwemishini kanye nokugcinwa kwemigqa yokukhiqiza.
Ama-warehouses: asetshenziselwa ukupakisha, ukulayisha kanye nokuthulula izimpahla.
Izindawo zokwakha: ezisetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa izinto zokwakha, ukufakwa kwemishini yokwakha, njll.
Amatheminali echweba: asetshenziselwa ukulayisha nokuthulula impahla.

2. Ukuphepha kokuklama nokukhiqiza

(I) Ukukhetha impahla
Ukukhethwa kwempahla yama-hoists kagesi ezintambo kubalulekile futhi kuthinta ngqo ukuphepha kwayo kanye nempilo yesevisi. Izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko ezifana nezinjini, izinciphisi, izigubhu, izintambo zocingo, njll. kumele zenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
I-Motor: Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa i-conical motor, ene-torque enkulu nokusebenza okuhle kokubhuleka. Izindlu zemoto kufanele zenziwe ngensimbi noma insimbi enamandla amakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla ayo esakhiwo nokusebenza kokukhipha ukushisa.
I-Reducer: Isebenzisa umshini wokudlulisa igiya le-helical elinezigaba ezintathu. Amagiya nama-gear shafts enziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy ephethwe ukushisa. Umzimba webhokisi kanye nesembozo sebhokisi zenziwe ngensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu, ehlanganiswe ngokuqinile futhi ivalwe kahle.
Isigubhu: Isigubhu singenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zentambo kagesi yokuphakamisa intambo. Izinto zayo kufanele zibe namandla anele nokumelana nokugqoka, futhi ngokuvamile zenziwe ngensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Intambo yocingo: Intambo yocingo iyisici esibalulekile sentambo kagesi yokuphakamisa intambo. Izinga nokusebenza kwayo kuthinta ngqo ukuphepha kwemishini. Intambo yocingo kufanele kube intambo yohlobo oluphakamisayo ene-high break tension kanye nokumelana nokukhathala. Izakhiwo zezintambo ezijwayelekile zifaka i-6×36WS, 6×37, njll.
(II) Ukuklama kwesakhiwo
Idizayini yesakhiwo yesixhumi sikagesi sentambo yocingo kufanele ilandele imigomo yokuphepha, ukwethembeka kanye nokuhluzeka kwengqondo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokuphepha kwezinto zokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza.
Isakhiwo senjini nesigubhu: Ukuma okuhlobene kwe-axis yemoto kanye ne-axis yesigubhu kunethonya elibalulekile ekubumbaneni kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kwezisetshenziswa. Izindlela zokuhlela ezijwayelekile zifaka izinhlobo ezine: i-axis ye-motor i-perpendicular ku-axis yesigubhu, i-axis ye-motor ihambisana ne-axis yesigubhu, i-motor ifakwe ngaphakathi kwesigubhu, futhi injini ifakwe ngaphandle kwesigubhu. Indlela ngayinye yesakhiwo inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi, futhi idinga ukukhethwa ngokuvumelana nezimo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezidingo.
Isistimu ye-Braking: Intambo kagesi yokunyuswa kwentambo ifakwe isistimu yokubhuleka ethembekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi into esindayo ingalengiswa emoyeni ngesikhathi sokuyiphakamisa. Ibhuleki livamise ukusebenzisa ibhuleki eliyiconical, elixhunywe ku-motor shaft. Lapho injini ima, ibhuleki liyazikhiya ukuze livimbele into esindayo ukuthi ingasheleli phansi.
Ithuluzi lokukhawulela: Ithuluzi elilinganiselwe lingenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokuphepha zentambo kagesi yokuphakanyiswa kwentambo. Isetshenziselwa ukukhawulela ukuhamba ukuya phezulu naphansi kwehhuku ukuvimbela intambo yocingo ekubeni inxeba kakhulu noma ixege. Izikhawuli ezingenhla nezingaphansi kufanele zifakwe kuzo zombili iziphetho zesigubhu. Uma ihuku likhuphuka noma liwela endaweni elinganiselwe, isikhawuli sizonqamula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunikezwa kwamandla futhi simise injini ukuthi isebenze.
(III) Inqubo yokukhiqiza
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yentambo kagesi yokuphakamisa intambo ithinta ngqo ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwayo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, izindinganiso ezifanele kanye nokucaciswa kufanele kubhekwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yokuhlanganisa yengxenye ngayinye.
Ukucutshungulwa kwezingxenye: Sebenzisa okokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe nobuchwepheshe ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yezingxenye. Isibonelo, imishini yokucubungula igiya enembe kakhulu kufanele isetshenziselwe ukucutshungulwa kwegiya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwephrofayili yezinyo legiya nokusebenza kwe-meshing.
Inqubo yokuhlanganisa: Ukuhlanganisa isixhumanisi esiyinhloko enqubweni yokukhiqiza ama-hoists kagesi ezintambo, futhi kudingeka kusetshenzwe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezidingo zenqubo yokuhlanganisa. Phakathi nenqubo yomhlangano, kufanele kuqashelwe ukunemba okufanayo kwengxenye ngayinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwemishini. Isibonelo, lapho uhlanganisa intambo yocingo, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi intambo yocingo ilinyazwe kahle esigubhu ngaphandle kokuwela noma ukusonteka.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile kufanele kwenziwe, okubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwempahla eluhlaza, ukuhlolwa kwezingxenye, ukuhlolwa komhlangano kanye nokuhlolwa komkhiqizo ophelile. Izinto zokuhlola zibandakanya ukunemba kobukhulu, ikhwalithi yokubukeka, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izintambo zikagesi zezintambo ezithunyelwa ngomkhumbi zisuka efekthri ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso nezicaciso ezifanele.

3. Ukuphepha kokusebenza
(I) Iziqu nokuqeqeshwa komsebenzisi
Umsebenzisi wentambo kagesi yokuphakamisa intambo kufanele abe neziqu ezihambisanayo kanye nolwazi lobungcweti ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi okokusebenza kungasetshenziswa ngokuphepha nangendlela efanele.
Izidingo Zokufaneleka: Abasebenzi kufanele baqeqeshelwe umsebenzi futhi bathole isitifiketi sokusebenza esihambisanayo ngaphambi kokuba bathathe izikhala zabo. Okuqukethwe kokuqeqeshwa kuhlanganisa isimiso sesakhiwo, indlela yokusebenza, izinyathelo zokuphepha, njll. zamathuluzi.
Ukuqeqeshwa kokuphepha: Ukuqeqeshwa kokuphepha okuvamile kwenziwa ukuze abaqhubi bathuthukise ukuqwashisa kwabo ngokuphepha kanye namakhono okusebenza. Okuqukethwe kokuqeqeshwa kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlaziywa kwecala lengozi, izinyathelo zokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, njll., ukuze opharetha bakwazi kahle izinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile zezinto zokusebenza.
(II) Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokusebenza
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa intambo kagesi yokuphakamisa intambo isikhathi ngasinye, umqhubi kufanele enze ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lwangaphambi kokusebenza ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi okokusebenza kusesimweni esihle sokusebenza.
Ukuhlolwa kokubukeka: Hlola ukuthi ukubukeka kwempahla konakele noma kukhubazekile, njengokuthi indlu yemoto, isinciphisi, isigubhu, ihuku nezinye izingxenye zinemifantu, ukuguga nezinye izinto.
Ukuhlolwa kwentambo yocingo: Hlola ukuthi intambo yocingo ayinazo yini izintambo eziphukile, ukuguga, ukuguga nezinye izimo ezingavamile. Ngokwezinhlinzeko ze-GB/T 5972-2017 "Ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa, ukuhlolwa nokuchithwa kwezintambo ze-crane wire", lapho inani lezintambo eziphukile zentambo yocingo lidlula izinga elithile, intambo yocingo kufanele ishintshwe ngokushesha.
Ukuhlolwa kwehuku: Hlola ukuthi ihhuku inokuqhekeka nokuguqulwa, nokuthi izinga lokuvula lehuku liyaledlula yini inani elishiwo. I-hook kufanele ifakwe idivaysi ephikisana ne-unhooking ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezisindayo ngeke ziwe ngengozi phakathi nenqubo yokuphakamisa.
Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu kagesi: Hlola ukuthi ingabe intambo yamandla, izinkinobho zokulawula, amaswishi emikhawulo nezinye izingxenye zikagesi zijwayelekile, nokuthi akukho yini umonakalo, ukuguga nezinye izenzakalo. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-insulation yesistimu kagesi kuhle ukuvimbela izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi.
Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yokubhuleka: Hlola ukuthi ibhuleki liyazwela yini futhi linokwethenjelwa, nokuthi ingabe umphumela wokubhuleka muhle yini. Esimeni sokungalayishi, qala futhi umise injini izikhathi eziningana ukuze ubheke ukusabela kwebhuleki.
(III) Izinyathelo zokuqapha ekusebenzeni
Lapho usebenzisa i-hoist yentambo kagesi, kufanele uhambisane nezinqubo zokusebenza futhi unake lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
Ukulayishwa ngokweqile akuvunyelwe: Intambo kagesi yokuphakamisa intambo inomthwalo olinganiselwe ocacile futhi akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuwulayisha kakhulu. Ukulayisha ngokweqile kuzodala ukugcwala kwemishini, kubangele ukwehluleka kwemishini kanye nezingozi zokuphepha.
Ukuphakamisa okuzinzile: Uma uphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, qinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezisindayo ziboshwe ngokuqinile futhi ihuku iqondaniswe nendawo yesisindo sezinto ezinzima ukuze ugweme ukutsheka nokutsheka. Lapho uphakamisa, phakamisa kancane, futhi ume kancane lapho into esindayo isuka phansi ngo-10-20cm, hlola ukuqina nokubhuleka kwempahla, bese uqhubeka uphakamisa ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okungavamile.
Ukusebenza okushelelayo: Phakathi nenqubo yokuphakamisa, izinto ezisindayo kufanele zigcinwe zizinzile ukuze kugwenywe ukuzamazama nokushayisana. Umsebenzisi kufanele alawule isibambo sokusebenza ngokulinganayo ukuze agweme ukusheshisa okungazelelwe, ukwehlisa ijubane noma ukushintsha indlela.
Abekho abasebenzi abavunyelwe ukusondela: Phakathi nenqubo yokuphakamisa, abasebenzi banqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuhlala noma ukudlula ngaphansi kwezinto ezisindayo. Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kufanele zibekwe endaweni yokuphakamisa ukuze kukhumbuze abantu abaseduze ukuthi banake ukuphepha.
Gwema ukundiza isikhathi eside: Zama ukugwema izinto ezisindayo ezihamba emoyeni isikhathi eside ukuze ugweme ukwandisa umthwalo kanye nengozi yezinto zokusebenza. Uma kudingeka ukuhamba ngezinyawo isikhathi eside, isistimu yokubhuleka kufanele ithembeke futhi nesimo semishini kufanele sihlolwe njalo.
(IV) Ukuphathwa komthwalo
Ukulawulwa komthwalo okunengqondo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuphephile kwezixhumi zikagesi zezintambo zikagesi.
Ukubala komthwalo: Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa, isisindo sento esindayo kufanele sibalwe ngokunembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi asedluli umthwalo olinganiselwe wezinto zokusebenza. Kuzinto ezisindayo ezinomumo ongavamile noma ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo esingalingani, ukuhlaziya okunemininingwane yokusabalalisa isisindo kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ibhalansi nokuzinza phakathi nenqubo yokuphakamisa.
Ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo: Ezintweni ezisindayo eziphakanyiswe ezindaweni eziningi, umthwalo kufanele usatshalaliswe ngokunengqondo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amandla endaweni ngayinye yokuphakamisa ayafana futhi kugwenywe ukugcwala kwendawo.
Isinqamuli sokulayisha: Ezinye izixhumi zikagesi zezintambo zifakwe izikhawuli zomthwalo. Uma umthwalo udlula umthwalo olinganiselwe, isikhawuli somthwalo sizonqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi simise okokusebenza ekusebenzeni. Ama-opharetha kufanele ahlole njalo ukuzwela nokuthembeka kwesikhawuli sokulayisha ukuze siqinisekise ukusebenza kwaso okuvamile.
(V) Ukusingatha izimo eziphuthumayo
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo zingase zenzeke, njengokuhluleka kwemishini, izinto ezinzima ezingalawuleki, njll. Abaqhubi kufanele babe nekhono lokusingatha izimo eziphuthumayo futhi bakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ngokushesha ukugwema izingozi.
Isitobhi esiphuthumayo: Lapho uhlangabezana nesimo esiphuthumayo, inkinobho yokumisa isimo esiphuthumayo kufanele icindezelwe ngokushesha ukuze kunqandwe ukunikezwa kwamandla kwezinto zokusebenza futhi kuvinjwe okokusebenza ukuthi kusebenze.
I-alamu yengozi: Ngemva kokwenzeka kwengozi, kufanele kubikwe eminyangweni efanele kanye nabasebenzi ngesikhathi esifanele futhi uhlelo oluphuthumayo kufanele lucushwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yengozi kufanele ivikelwe ukuze kuphenywe futhi kusingathwe.
Ukukhishwa kwabasebenzi: Uma ingozi ingase ibe usongo kubasebenzi abazungezile, izisebenzi kufanele zikhishwe ngokushesha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi.

4. Ukugcinwa nokuphepha kokuhlolwa
(I) Ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke
Ukuhlola kwansuku zonke kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwentambo kagesi yokuphakamisa intambo. Abasebenzisi kufanele bahlole ngaphambi nangemva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye.
Ukuhlolwa kokubukeka: Hlola ukuthi ukubukeka kwempahla konakele, konakele, kugugile, njll., ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezibalulekile njengentambo yocingo, ihuku, isigubhu, njll.
Ukuhlolwa kokugcotshwa: Hlola ukugcotshwa kwezinto zokusebenza ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ehambayo inamafutha okugcoba anele. Uma amafutha okugcoba atholakala enganele noma awonakele, kufanele afakwe noma ashintshwe ngesikhathi.
Ukuhlolwa kukagesi: Hlola ukuthi ingabe izingxenye zikagesi ezifana nentambo yamandla, inkinobho yokulawula, ukushintsha komkhawulo zivamile, nokuthi ingabe kukhona umonakalo, ukuguga, ukuxega, njll.
Ukuhlola amabhuleki: Hlola ukuthi ibhuleki liyazwela futhi linokwethenjelwa, nokuthi ingabe umphumela wokubhuleka muhle yini. Esimeni sokungalayishi, qala futhi umise injini izikhathi eziningana ukuze ubheke ukusabela kwebhuleki.
(II) Ukugcinwa njalo
Izixhumi zikagesi zezintambo zikagesi zidinga ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside.
Umjikelezo wokunakekela: Ngokuvumelana nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwempahla nendawo yokusebenza, umjikelezo wokunakekela okufanele usungulwe. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukwenza isondlo esincane kanye ngenyanga, ukunakekela okuphakathi kanye ngekota, kanye nokunakekela okukhulu kanye ngonyaka.
Okuqukethwe kwesondlo:
Ukunakekelwa okuncane: okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza indawo yokusebenza, ukuhlola nokugcwalisa amafutha okugcoba, ukuhlola ukuguga kwentambo yocingo nehhuku, njll.
Ukulungiswa okumaphakathi: Ngaphezu kokulungiswa okuncane, kuhlanganisa nokuhlola ukugqokwa kwegiya lesinciphisi, ukuhlola ukusebenza kwebhuleki, ukuhlola ukusebenza kokufakwa kwesistimu kagesi, njll.
Ukunakekelwa okukhulu: Ngaphezu kokulungiswa okuphakathi, kuhlanganisa nokuhlakazwa okuphelele nokuhlolwa kwezinto zokusebenza, ukushintshwa kwezingxenye eziguge kakhulu, ukulungisa iphutha okuphelele kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemishini, njll.
Amarekhodi okunakekela: Sungula amafayela okugcinwa kwemishini, futhi urekhode ngokuningiliziwe isikhathi, okuqukethwe, izinkinga ezitholiwe kanye nezinyathelo zokwelashwa zokulungiswa ngakunye. Lokhu kusiza ukuqonda isimo sokusebenza kwesisetshenziswa futhi kunikeze ireferensi yokunakekelwa nokulungiswa okulandelayo.
(III) Ukushintshwa kwezingxenye zokugqoka
Ezinye izingxenye zentambo kagesi yokuphakamisa izintambo zigqoke izingxenye futhi zidinga ukushintshwa njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokwethembeka kwezinto zokusebenza.
Intambo yocingo: Ngokuhambisana nesikhathi sokuguga nokusetshenziswa kwentambo yocingo, buyisela intambo yocingo njalo. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi impilo yesevisi yentambo yocingo ibe yizinyanga eziyisi-6 ukuya onyakeni ongu-1, futhi umjikelezo othize wokushintsha unganqunywa ngokuya ngemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwempahla kanye nendawo yokusebenza.
I-brake friction pad: Iphedi yokushayisana kwamabhuleki izoguga kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, okuthinta umphumela wokubhuleka. Lapho ubukhulu bephedi lokukhuhlana bugqokwa ku-1/3 yobukhulu bokuqala, kufanele bushintshwe ngokushesha.
Amafutha okugcoba: Gxilisa njalo uwoyela wokugcoba wezinto zokusebenza ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwamafutha okugcoba. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi kushintshwe amafutha okugcoba njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3. Umjikelezo othize wokushintsha unganqunywa ngokuya ngemanuwali yeziqondiso zemishini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwangempela.
Izingxenye zikagesi: Izingxenye zikagesi njengezixhumi kanye nama-relay zingathintana kabi futhi ziguge ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Hlola njalo isimo sokusebenza sezingxenye zikagesi bese ubuyisela izingxenye ezilimele ngesikhathi.
(IV) Izinyathelo zokuqapha ekunakekeleni
Lapho wenza umsebenzi wokulungisa kuma-hoists kagesi wentambo, naka lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
Cisha ugesi: Ngaphambi kokulungiswa, ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi kufanele kunqanyulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okokusebenza kusesimweni sokucisha ugesi ukuze kuvinjwe izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi.
Ukusebenza kochwepheshe: Umsebenzi wokunakekela kufanele wenziwe izisebenzi eziqeqeshwe ngokomsebenzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka nokuphepha kwemisebenzi yokulungisa.
Sebenzisa izesekeli eziqeqeshiwe: Uma ushintsha izingxenye, izesekeli ezifanelekayo ezihlangabezana nezidingo zamathuluzi kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwezisekeli.
Ukuthobela izinqubo zokusebenza: Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, izinqubo zokusebenza kanye nezidingo zemanuwali zokunakekela okokusebenza kufanele kulandelwe ngokuqinile ukuze kugwenywe ukusebenza okungekho emthethweni.

5. Ukuvumelana nezimo zemvelo nokuphepha

(I) Izidingo zokusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene
Izidingo zokusebenzisa nezinyathelo zokuphepha zezintambo zikagesi zezintambo zihlukile ezindaweni zokusebenza ezihlukene.
Indawo yokushisa ephezulu: Endaweni yokushisa ephezulu, izinga lokushisa lemoto, isinciphisi nezinye izingxenye zizokhuphuka, kuthinte ukusebenza nempilo yazo. Kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuqeda ukushisa, njengokwengeza osinki bokushisa nokufaka amafeni okupholisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izithambisi ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezimpawu kufanele zikhethwe ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwe-lubricant kanye nokuguga ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu.
Indawo yokushisa ephansi: Endaweni yokushisa ephansi, izingxenye zensimbi zemishini zingase zibe ntekenteke, futhi i-viscosity ye-lubricant izokwanda, okuthinta ukuqala nokusebenza kwemishini. Izinto zokugcoba ezinokushisa okuphansi kokusebenza kahle kufanele zikhethwe, futhi zishiswe ngaphambili ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe okokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okokusebenza kungasebenza ngokujwayelekile.
Indawo eswakeme: Endaweni enomswakama, izingxenye zikagesi zemishini zithinteka kalula umswakama, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokusebenza kwe-insulation futhi kubangele izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi. Izinyathelo zokuvikela umswakama kufanele zithathwe, njengokusetha iziqephu zokuvala ezingangeni manzi ku-casing yemishini kanye nokufaka i-desiccant ebhokisini lokulawula likagesi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kwe-insulation yesistimu kagesi kufanele kuhlolwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwayo.
Indawo enothuli: Endaweni enothuli, uthuli luzongena emshinini futhi luthinte ukusebenza kwawo okuvamile. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela uthuli kufanele zithathwe, njengokufaka izinto zokuhlunga endaweni yokungena komoya kanye nembobo yokukhipha umoya yezinto zokusebenza, nokuhlanza njalo uthuli ebusweni bezinto zokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imishini esebenza kahle yokuvala uphawu kufanele ikhethwe ukuvimbela uthuli ukuthi lungene emishini.
Indawo evuthayo neqhumayo: Endaweni evuthayo neqhumayo, amasistimu kagesi kanye nemishini yezinto zokusebenza angase akhiphe izinhlansi, kubangele umlilo noma izingozi zokuqhuma. Izintambo zikagesi ezingaqhumi zingaqhumi kufanele zikhethwe futhi zifakwe futhi zisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezidingo zokuvikela ukuqhuma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza okungaqhumeki kwemishini kufanele kuhlolwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele kanye nokucaciswa kwayo.
(II) Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwezintambo zikagesi zezintambo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezihambisanayo kufanele zithathwe.
Imishini yokuzivikela: Faka izinto ezidingekayo zokuvikela okokusebenza, njengama- guardrails, amakhava okuvikela, njll., ukuvimbela abasebenzi ukuthi bangaxhumani ngephutha izingxenye ezihambayo zamathuluzi futhi bagweme izingozi zokulimala kwemishini.
Ukuvikela ngogesi: Thatha izinyathelo zokuvikela ugesi, njengokufaka izivikeli ezivuzayo, izisetshenziswa zokuvikela phansi, njll., ukuvikela izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qiniseka ukuthi izintambo zesistimu kagesi ziqinile futhi zithembekile ukuze ugweme ukwehluleka kukagesi okubangelwa izintambo ezixekethile.
Ukuqapha indawo ezungezile: Faka okokusebenza kokuqapha imvelo endaweni yokusebenza, njengezinzwa zokushisa, izinzwa zomswakama, izinzwa zokugxilisa uthuli, njll., ukuqapha imingcele yemvelo ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma amapharamitha emvelo edlula uhla olujwayelekile lokusebenza lwamathuluzi, thatha izinyathelo ezihambisanayo ngesikhathi, njengokumisa okokusebenza kanye nokulungisa izimo zemvelo.
Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokuphepha: Misa izimpawu ezisobala eziyisixwayiso zokuphepha endaweni yokusebenza ukuze ukhumbuze abaqhubi nabasebenzi abazungezile ukuthi banake ukuphepha. Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kufanele zibandakanye izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenza kwemishini, ukwaziswa kwendawo eyingozi, izinyathelo zokwelapha izimo eziphuthumayo, njll.

6. Ukuhlaziywa kwecala
(I) Icala loku-1: Ingozi egcwele kakhulu yokunyuswa kwentambo kagesi efektri
Lapho ifekthri isebenzisa intambo kagesi yokuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, umthamo olinganisiwe wempahla weqiwa ngenxa yobudedengu bomsebenzisi. Phakathi nenqubo yokuphakamisa, intambo yocingo yaphuka kungazelelwe futhi into esindayo yawa, kwadala umonakalo omkhulu wemishini kanye nezingozi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela yengozi
Umsebenzisi ubengakakutholi ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe futhi ubentula ukwazi ngokuphepha, okuholele ekusebenzeni ngokugcwala ngokweqile.
Intambo yocingo ayizange ihlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusebenza, futhi ukuguga nokugqashuka kwentambo yocingo akuzange kutholakale ngesikhathi.
Amathuluzi angenawo umkhawulo wokulayisha osebenzayo futhi awukwazanga ukunqamula ugesi ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ulayishwe kakhulu.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
Qinisa ukuqeqeshwa kokuphepha kwabasebenzisi ukuze bathuthukise ukuqwashisa kwabo ngokuphepha namakhono okusebenza.
Landela ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza futhi uvimbele ukusebenza kokugcwala ngokweqile.
Njalo hlola ukuguga kwentambo yocingo bese ubuyisela izintambo ezilimele ngesikhathi.
Faka isinqamuli somthwalo futhi uhlole njalo ukuzwela nokuthembeka kwaso.
(II) Icala lesi-2: Umlilo odalwe ukungasebenzi kukagesi kwentambo kagesi yokuphakamisa intambo endaweni yokugcina izimpahla
Lapho indawo yokugcina impahla isebenzisa intambo kagesi yokuphakamisa intambo, ukuguga kwesekethe kagesi kwabangela isifunda esifushane, esibangele umlilo futhi sabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwempahla.
Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela yengozi
Amasekhethi kagesi endaweni yokugcina izimpahla ayengakahlolisiswa futhi anakekelwe isikhathi eside, okuholele ekugugeni nasekulinyazweni kwamasekethe.
Isistimu kagesi yezinto zokusebenza ibintula ukuvikela okusebenzayo kokugcwala ngokweqile kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela isifunda esifushane.
Indawo yokugcina impahla ibingenazo izinto ezanele zokucisha umlilo futhi yehlulekile ukucisha umlilo kusenesikhathi.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
Njalo hlola futhi unakekele amasekhethi kagesi bese ushintsha amasekhethi okuguga nawonakele ngesikhathi.
Faka izivikeli ezigcwala kakhulu kanye nabavikeli besekethe emfishane ohlelweni lukagesi lwamathuluzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokwethembeka kohlelo lukagesi.
Hlomisa inqolobane ngezinsiza ezanele zokucisha umlilo, futhi uhlole njalo futhi uyinakekele ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngendlela evamile.
Qinisa ukuqeqeshwa kokuphepha komlilo kwabaqhubi ukuze bathuthukise ukuqwashisa kwabo ngokuvimbela umlilo kanye namakhono okuphendula izimo eziphuthumayo.

7. Izinkambiso zentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kanye namathemba okuphepha
(I) Ubuhlakani kanye ne-automation
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ama-hoists kagesi ezintambo ayathuthuka abheke kobuhlakani kanye ne-automation. Izintambo zikagesi zezintambo zesikhathi esizayo zizoba nemisebenzi ehlakaniphe kakhulu, njengokutholwa komthwalo okuzenzakalelayo, ukulawulwa kwesivinini okuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlonzwa kwephutha kanye nesixwayiso kusenesikhathi, njll. Le misebenzi ehlakaniphile izothuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwemishini futhi inciphise ubungozi obubangelwa amaphutha okusebenza komuntu.
(II) Izinto ezintsha nezinqubo ezintsha
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nezinqubo ezintsha kuzoletha amathuba amasha okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kokuphepha kwezixhumi zikagesi zezintambo zikagesi. Isibonelo, izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezingasindi zizokwenza ukuthi imishini ihlale isikhathi eside, kuyilapho inciphisa isisindo semishini futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo. Izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe zokukhiqiza zizothuthukisa ukunemba kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yokuhlanganisa izingxenye nezingxenye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokuphepha kwezinto zokusebenza.
(III) Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamazinga okuphepha kanye nokucaciswa
Ngokuthuthuka kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni kanye nokwenza ngcono izidingo zokuphepha, amazinga okuphepha kanye nokucaciswa kwezintambo zikagesi ezixhunywe ngogesi kuzoqhubeka nokuba ngcono. Izindinganiso zokuphepha zesikhathi esizayo zizoqina kakhulu futhi zinemininingwane eminingi, ezihlanganisa zonke izici zokuklanywa kwemishini, ukukhiqizwa, ukufakwa, ukusetshenziswa, ukunakekelwa, njll. Lokhu kuzokhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi anake kakhulu ukusebenza kokuphepha kwezinto zokusebenza futhi aqinise nokuphathwa kwezokuphepha, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kwezingozi zokuphepha.
(IV) Ukwakhiwa kwesiko lokuphepha
Ukwakhiwa kwesiko lokuphepha nakho kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ukuphepha kwezixhumi zikagesi zezintambo zikagesi. Amabhizinisi kufanele aqinise imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kokuphepha kwabasebenzi, athuthukise ukuqwashisa kwabasebenzi ngokuphepha kanye nomuzwa wokuba nesibopho, futhi akhe isimo esihle sokuphepha. Ngokwakhiwa kwesiko lokuphepha, abasebenzi bazozithobela ngokuqaphela izinqubo zokusebenza zokuphepha, babambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekulawuleni ukuphepha, futhi bakhe ngokuhlanganyela indawo yokukhiqiza ephephile.

8. Isiphetho
Njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokuphakamisa, izixhumi zikagesi zezintambo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwabo kokuphepha kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuphepha kwempilo yabasebenzi kanye nokuphepha kwempahla kwamabhizinisi. Lesi sihloko sidingida izici zokuphepha zezixhumi zikagesi zezintambo zikagesi ezivela ezicini eziningi ezifana nokuklama nokukhiqiza, ukuphepha kokusebenza, ukugcinwa nokuhlolwa, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo, futhi ihlaziya izimbangela zezingozi nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela. Ngokuqinisa ukulawulwa kokuphepha kwezixhumi zikagesi zezintambo zikagesi kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo, ubungozi bokuphepha bungancishiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokwethembeka kwemisebenzi yezimboni. Entuthukweni ezayo, ngokusetshenziswa kobuhlakani, izinto ezintsha, izinqubo ezintsha, kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwamazinga okuphepha nesiko lokuphepha, ukusebenza kokuphepha kwezixhumi zikagesi zezintambo zikagesi kuzothuthukiswa nakakhulu. Sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ngemizamo ehlanganyelwe yomphakathi wonke, izixhumi zikagesi zezintambo zikagesi zizoletha izinsiza eziphephile nezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni futhi zenze umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni umnotho.