Ungavimbela kanjani i-chain hoist ukuthi ingalayishwa ngokweqile?

Ungavimbela kanjani i-chain hoist ukuthi ingalayishwa ngokweqile?

1. Ukuhlola ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa

1.1 Hlola ubuqotho bempahla
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisai-chain hoist, kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izingxenye zemishini zilungile futhi azilimele. Ukuhlola kufaka phakathi ukuthi iketango linemifantu, i-deformation noma igugile, ukuthi ihuku linemifantu, i-deformation noma ama-engeli acijile, nokuthi ibhuleki lisebenza kahle yini. Ngokwemithethonqubo efanelekile yokuphepha, ukugqokwa kwehhuku okuphambanayo akumele kudlule u-10% wobukhulu obujwayelekile, futhi ukugqokwa kweringi yeketango akufanele kudlule u-10% wobukhulu obujwayelekile, ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele kumiswe ukusetshenziswa futhi kulungiswe noma kushintshwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi igobolondo le-chain hoist linamaqhubu noma ukulimala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukubukeka kwalo kuqinile ukugwema izingozi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

1.2 Qinisekisa umthwalo okaliwe
Ukucacisa umthwalo olinganiselwe we-chain hoist kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela ukulayishwa ngokweqile. Umthwalo olinganiselwe we-chain hoist ngokuvamile uboniswa ku-nameplate yezinto zokusebenza, futhi opharetha kufanele ahlole ngokucophelela ukuthi isisindo sento ephakanyisiwe singaphakathi kwebanga lomthwalo olinganiselwe we-chain hoist. Isibonelo, uma isisindo sento ephakanyisiwe singamathani angu-1.5, i-chain hoist enomthwalo olinganiselwe wamathani angu-2 kufanele ikhethwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe umkhawulo wokuphepha owanele. Ngokwamazinga omkhakha, uhla lomthwalo olinganiselwe wama-chain hoist ngokuvamile amathani angu-0.5~20, futhi opharetha kufanele bakhethe okokusebenza kwamathani afanele ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-hoist yokuhlola kufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Into esindayo kufanele iphakanyiswe phansi endaweni ephakeme ethile futhi igcinwe isikhathi esithile ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi okokusebenza akujwayelekile yini, njengokuthi iketango libushelelezi yini nokuthi ibhuleki lithembekile, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okokusebenza kungasebenza ngokujwayelekile ngaphansi komthwalo olinganiselwe.

2. Khetha okokusebenza okufanele

2.1 Khetha ngokwesisindo sento esindayo
Ukukhetha imodeli ye-hoist ye-chain elungile kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile. Ibanga lomthwalo elilinganiselwe le-chain hoist ngokuvamile lingamathani angu-0.5~20, futhi amamodeli ahlukene we-chain hoist afanele ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo zezisindo ezihlukene. Isibonelo, ezintweni ezisindayo ezinesisindo esingaba yithani elingu-1, iketango elinomthwalo olinganiselwe wamathani ama-2 kufanele kukhethwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe umkhawulo wokuphepha owanele. Ngokusho kwedatha yemboni efanele, lapho usebenzisa i-chain hoist enomthwalo olinganiselwe wamathani angu-2, umthamo wayo wangempela wokulayisha ungafinyelela cishe amathani angu-2.2, kodwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha, kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile ngaphakathi kwebanga lomthwalo olinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimpahleni ezisindayo, njengezinto ezisindayo ezingaphezu kwamathani angu-5, i-chain hoist yethoni ehambisanayo kufanele ikhethwe futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha.

2.2 Cabangela isici sokuphepha
Lapho ukhetha i-chain hoist, ngaphezu kokucabangela isisindo sento ephakanyiswayo, isici sokuphepha sidinga ukucatshangelwa. Isici sokuphepha sibhekisela esilinganisweni somthwalo omkhulu ovunyelwe isisetshenziswa kumthwalo olinganiselwe, okuvamise ukuba izikhathi ezingu-1.5~2. Isibonelo, ku-hoist yeketango enomthwalo olinganiselwe wamathani angu-2, umthamo omkhulu ovunyelwe kufanele ube amathani angu-3 ~ 4. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, umthwalo olinganiselwe kufanele ubhekwe ngokuqinile futhi ulayishwe ngokweqile. Isici sokuphepha sisethelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kusengasebenza ngokuphepha lapho okokusebenza kugugile kancane noma kwenzeka ingozi phakathi nokusebenza. Ngokwemithethonqubo yokuphepha efanele, isici sokuphepha se-chain hoist akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-1.5. Abasebenzisi kufanele bacabangele ngokugcwele lesi sici lapho bekhetha okokusebenza ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha kwesisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

3. Ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokusebenza

3.1 Donsa ngokulinganayo
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-hand chain hoist, ukudonsa iketango lesandla ngokulinganayo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile. Idizayini yeketango le-hand chain hoist isuselwe kububanzi obuthize bokuqina. Uma amandla enamandla kakhulu noma engalingani, iketango lizobhekana nokucindezeleka okwedlulele okwamanje, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ingozi yokugcwala ngokweqile. Ngokusho kwedatha yokuhlola efanele, lapho amandla okudonsa iketango edlula u-20% we-tension elinganiselwe, izinga lokuguga leketango lizokhula ngesivinini ngo-30%, futhi iketango lingase likhubazeke noma liphuke. Ngakho-ke, lapho edonsa iketango, u-opharetha kufanele agcine enganyakazi futhi enamandla ukuze agweme ukugxuma okungazelelwe noma ukuma kwesimo esiphuthumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiqondiso seketanga lesandla kufanele sibe endizeni efanayo nesondo le-hand chain ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kweketango futhi kuncishiswe ukungezwani okwengeziwe okubangelwa ukuhlanekezela kweketango noma ukugxuma.

3.2 Ukuqapha izimo ezingajwayelekile
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-hand chain hoist, ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela izimo ezingavamile zezinto zokusebenza kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile. Umsebenzisi kufanele anake kakhulu isimo sokusebenza kwe-hand chain hoist. Uma kutholakala okungavamile, ukuhlinzwa kufanele kumiswe ngokushesha futhi kuhlolwe. Isibonelo, uma uzizwa unzima ngokungavamile lapho udonsa iketango, kungase kube uphawu lwe-chain jam noma ukugcwala ngokweqile. Ngokwezibalo zemboni, cishe u-80% wokuhluleka kwe-chain hoist kubangelwa ukusebenza okungalungile noma ukugcwala ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, lapho u-opharetha ethola ukuthi amandla okudonsa ngesandla makhulu kakhulu kunamandla avamile okudonsa, kufanele ayeke ukudonsa ngokushesha futhi ahlole ukuthi iketanga liboshwe yini, ukuthi i-hook ilenga ngokuqinile, ukuthi isisindo silinganiselwe, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola njalo ukusebenza kwe-braking of the chain hoist. Ukuguga ngokweqile kwepuleti le-friction lebhuleki kuzodala ukwehluleka kwamabhuleki, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ubungozi bokugcwala ngokweqile. Kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokusebenza kokubhuleka kwe-chain hoist njalo izikhathi eziyi-100 noma ikota ngayinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingakwazi ukubhuleka ngokuthembekile ngaphansi komthwalo olinganiselwe.

4. Ukugcinwa njalo nokuhlolwa

4.1 Hlola ukuguga kwezingxenye ezibalulekile
Ukuhlola njalo ukuguga kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ze-chain hoist kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile. Iketanga lingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-chain hoist, futhi ukugqoka kwayo kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuphepha kwemishini. Ngokocwaningo olufanele, lapho ukugqokwa kweketango kufinyelela ku-10% wobubanzi bayo, amandla ayo okuthwala umthwalo azoncishiswa cishe ngama-20%. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kweketango le-hand chain hoist njalo ukusetshenziswa kwe-50 noma ikota ngayinye, kugxilwe ekutheni ngabe iketanga linemifantu, ukuguqulwa, ukugqwala, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugqokwa kwehhuku akufanele kunganakwa. Lapho ukuvulwa kwehhuku kukhuphuka ngo-15% noma ukuguqulwa kwe-torsion yomzimba we-hook kudlula i-10%, amandla ayo okuthwala umthwalo azokwehla kakhulu, okungenzeka kakhulu kubangele izingozi zokulayisha ngokweqile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguga ngokweqile kwephedi ye-brake friction kuzoholela ekuhlulekeni kwamabhuleki futhi kwandise amathuba okugcwala ngokweqile. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ukuguga kwephedi ye-brake friction ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye. Lapho ukugqokwa kwephedi lokungqubuzana kufinyelela ku-50% wokuqina kwayo, kufanele kushintshwe ngokushesha.

4.2 Ukuhlola idivayisi yokubhuleka nokukhawulela ukulayisha
Ithuluzi lokubhuleka nokukhawulela umthwalo we-hand chain hoist iyindawo eyinhloko yokuphepha ukuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile. Ukuthembeka kwedivayisi ye-braking kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuphepha kwemishini ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Kunconywa ukwenza uhlolo olubanzi lwedivayisi yokubhuleka ye-hand chain hoist njalo ukusetshenziswa okungu-100 noma ikota ngayinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingakwazi ukubhuleka ngokuthembekile ngaphansi komthwalo olinganiselwe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ungakwazi ukuphakamisa isisindo nge-hoist yeketango bese uyeke ngokuzumayo ukudonsa iketango ukuze ubone ukuthi ibhuleki lingakwazi yini ukubhuleka ngokushesha nangokuthembekile ukuvimbela isisindo ukuthi singasheleli siye phansi. I-load limiter iwumugqa wokugcina wokuzivikela ekulayisheni ngokweqile, futhi ukunemba kwawo kubalulekile. Ngokwamazinga emboni afanelekile, isikhawuli somthwalo we-chain hoist kufanele siyeke ukusebenza ngo-110% womthwalo olinganiselwe. Kutuswa ukulinganisa futhi uhlole isinqamuli sokulayisha se-chain hoist njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma njalo ukusetshenziswa okungu-200 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi singacushwa ngokunembile ku-110% womthwalo olinganiselwe ukuvimbela okokusebenza ekulayisheni ngokweqile.

5. Ukuqeqeshwa nokuphathwa kwabasebenzi

5.1 Ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kwabaqhubi
Ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kwama-opharetha kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukugcwala ngokweqile kwama-chain hoist. Ngokwenhlolovo efanele yezimboni, cishe u-60% wezingozi ze-chain hoist zidalwa ukuntula ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe noma ukusebenza okungafanele kwabaqhubi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe okuhlelekile kwabaqhubi.
Okuqukethwe kokuqeqesha: Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kufake umgomo wesakhiwo, inqubo yokusebenza, izinyathelo zokuphepha, ukuxazulula inkinga okuvamile, njll. kwe-chain hoist. Isibonelo, opharetha kufanele baqonde ulwazi oluyisisekelo lomthwalo olinganiselwe we-hand chain hoist, izindlela zokuhlola zeketango ne-hook, isimiso sokusebenza se-brake, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusebenzisa ama-drill okusebenza kwangempela, opharetha kufanele babe nekhono emakhono okusebenza alungile, njengokudonsa iketango ngokulinganayo nokugwema ukuphakamisa i-oblique.
Izindlela zokuqeqesha: Ukuqeqeshwa kungenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengezinkulumo zethiyori, imisebenzi eyenziwa endaweni, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamacala. Izifundo zethiyori zingasiza opharetha ukuthi bafunde ngokuhlelekile ulwazi olufanele lwama-hand chain hoist; ukusebenza esizeni kungavumela abaqhubi ukuthi bazilolonge amakhono okusebenza endaweni yangempela; ukuhlaziya amacala kungahlaziya izehlakalo zezingozi ezijwayelekile ukuze abaqhubi bazi ngokujulile ngezingozi zokusebenza okungekho emthethweni njengokulayishwa ngokweqile.
Ukuhlola umphumela wokuqeqesha: Ngemva kokuqeqeshwa, umphumela wokuqeqesha kufanele uhlolwe ngokuhlolwa. Okuqukethwe kokuhlola kungabandakanya izivivinyo zolwazi lwethiyori kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza kwangempela. Opharetha kuphela abaphumelele ukuhlolwa abangathola isitifiketi seziqu zokusebenza futhi bathathe izikhala zabo nesitifiketi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaqhubi kufanele baqeqeshwe kabusha njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amakhono abo okusebenza kanye nokuqwashisa ngokuphepha kuhlala kugcinwa kusezingeni eliphezulu.

5.2 Sungula uhlelo lokucacisa ukusebenza
Ukusungula isistimu yokucacisa ukusebenza okuzwakalayo kuyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile kwamaketango ezandla. Ngokwenza ukucaciswa okucacile kokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha, ukuziphatha kwabaqhubi kungalinganiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwamaketango ezandla.
Ukwakhiwa kwezicaciso zokusebenza: Imininingwane yokusebenza kufanele ihlanganise zonke izici ze-hand chain hoist, njengokuhlola ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ukulawula inqubo yokusebenza, nokugcinwa kwangemuva kokusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, mayelana nokuhlola ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, kufanele kubekwe ngokucacile ukuthi abaqhubi kufanele bahlole ubuqotho bezingxenye ezibalulekile njengamaketango, amahhuku, namabhuleki; mayelana nokulawulwa kwenqubo yokusebenza, kufanele kubekwe ukuthi abaqhubi kufanele badonse iketango ngokulinganayo ukuze bagweme ukudonsa okutshekile nokulenga okugobile, futhi ukulayishwa ngokweqile kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele; mayelana nokulungiswa kwangemuva kokusetshenziswa, opharetha kufanele kudingeke ukuthi bahlanze okokusebenza kusenesikhathi futhi bagcobe uwoyela wokugcoba ukuvimbela okokusebenza ukuthi kungagqwali.
Ukuqaliswa nokugadwa kwesistimu: Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwesistimu yezincazelo zokusebenza, kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqinile futhi iqiniswe. Ibhizinisi kufanele lisungule umnyango okhethekile wokuqapha ukuphepha noma abasebenzi abazogada futhi bahlole ukuziphatha kwansuku zonke kwabaqhubi. Noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwezimiso zokusebenza kufanele kulungiswe ngesikhathi futhi kunikezwe izinhlawulo ezihambisanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kusungulwe indlela yokuklomelisa ukuze kunconywe futhi kuklonyeliswe abaqhubi abathobela izicaciso zokusebenza futhi abanomuzwa oqinile wokuphepha, ukuze kugqugquzelwe abaqhubi ukuthi bathobelane nezicaciso zokusebenza.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo: Uhlelo lwezicaciso zokusebenza kufanele luthuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo ngokuvumelana nezimo zangempela. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-hand chain hoist kanye nokuqoqwa kokuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza, imininingwane yokusebenza kufanele ibuyekezwe futhi ithuthukiswe ngesikhathi. Isibonelo, lapho kutholakala izingozi ezintsha zokuphepha noma izinkinga zokusebenza, kufanele zifakwe ezincazelweni zokusebenza ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukucaciswa kokusebenza kuhlala kungokwesayensi futhi kusebenza.

6. Isifinyezo
Kafushane, ukuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile kwamaketango ezandla kudinga izici eziningi, nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezibanzi kanye nezindlela zokuphatha eziqinile.
Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokugcwele ubuqotho bezinto zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezibalulekile njengamaketango, amahhuku, amabhuleki, nanoma yimuphi umonakalo omncane ongagqiba izingozi zokuphepha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, cacisa umthwalo olinganiselwe we-hand chain hoist bese ukhetha imishini ye-tonnage efanele ngokwesisindo sento ephakanyisiwe, okuyisisekelo sokuvimbela ukulayisha ngokweqile. Isibonelo, entweni esindayo engaba yithani elingu-1, ukukhetha i-hoist yeketango lezandla elingamathani angu-2 kunganikeza umkhawulo wokuphepha owanele. Ngokwamazinga omkhakha, ububanzi bomthwalo olinganiselwe we-hand chain hoist amathani angu-0.5~20, futhi opharetha kufanele ahambisane nalobu bubanzi.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukudonsa iketango lesandla ngokulinganayo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvimbela ukugcwala. Idatha yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi lapho amandla okudonsa iketango edlula u-20% we-tension elinganiselwe, izinga lokuguga leketango lizokhula ngesivinini ngo-30%, futhi lingabangela ukuthi iketango liguge noma liphuke. Ngakho-ke, umqhubi kufanele agcine amandla aqinile futhi afanayo ukuze agweme ukuzulazula noma ukuma okuphuthumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha izimo ezingavamile zemishini ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma amandla okudonsa ngesandla atholakala ukuthi makhulu kakhulu kunamandla ajwayelekile okudonsa, umsebenzi kufanele umiswe ngokushesha futhi uhlolwe. Izibalo zemboni zikhombisa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-80 okwehluleka kwamaketanga ezandla kubangelwa ukusebenza okungafanele noma ukulayishwa ngokweqile.
Ukugcinwa njalo nokuhlolwa kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwesikhathi eside kwemishini. Ukugqokwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile kuzonciphisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wemishini. Isibonelo, lapho ukugqokwa kweketango kufinyelela ku-10% wobubanzi bayo, amandla ayo okuthwala umthwalo azoncishiswa cishe ngama-20%. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kweketango le-chain hoist njalo izikhathi ezingu-50 zokusetshenziswa noma ikota ngayinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthembeka kwe-brake kanye ne-load limiter kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuphepha kwemishini. Kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlola okuphelele kwedivayisi yebhuleki ye-hand chain hoist njalo izikhathi eziyi-100 zokusetshenziswa noma ikota ngayinye, futhi ulinganise futhi uhlole isikhawuli somthwalo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma njalo izikhathi ezingu-200 zokusetshenziswa.
Ukuqeqeshwa nokuphathwa kwabasebenzi kungesinye isixhumanisi esibalulekile sokuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile. Cishe u-60% wezingozi ze-chain hoist zidalwa ukuntula ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe noma ukusebenza okungafanele kwabaqhubi. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe okuhlelekile kwabaqhubi, futhi okuqukethwe kokuqeqeshwa kufanele kufake isimiso sesakhiwo, inqubo yokusebenza, izinyathelo zokuphepha, njll. ye-chain hoist. Ukwengeza, kufanele kusungulwe uhlelo oluzwakalayo lwezicaciso zokusebenza ukuze lulawule ukuziphatha kwabaqhubi ngokusebenzisa imininingwane ecacile yokusebenza kanye nezindlela zokuqondisa eziqinile zokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwamaketango.

Ngamafuphi, ngalezi zinyathelo ezingenhla, ukugcwala ngokweqile kwama-chain hoist kungavinjelwa ngempumelelo, ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini kungaqinisekiswa, ukuvela kwezingozi kungancishiswa, nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi kungathuthukiswa.