Xa ikhonkco lekhonkco lesandla ligcwele kakhulu, yintoni enokwenzeka yokuqhawuka kwekhonkco?

Xa ikhonkco lekhonkco lesandla ligcwele kakhulu, yintoni enokwenzeka yokuqhawuka kwekhonkco?

1. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-hand chain hoist overload kunye nokuqhekeka kwekhonkco

1.1 Umgaqo wokusebenza weisandla chain hoistkunye nohlalutyo lwamandla ekhonkco
Hand chain hoist sisixhobo sokuphakamisa isandla esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Umgaqo wayo wokusebenza kukutsala ikhonkco lemanyuwali ukujikeleza ivili lekhonkco lesandla, ngaloo ndlela uqhuba ivili eliphakamisayo ukujikeleza, kwaye ekugqibeleni uphakamise into enzima ngekhonkco lokuphakamisa. Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, ukunyanzeliswa kwekhonkco kuhambelana nomthwalo wayo olinganisiweyo, kodwa phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisiweyo, ukunyanzeliswa okubangelwa yikhonkco kuya kwanda kakhulu.
Ngokwemigangatho yokuyila ye-hand chain hoists, amandla e-chain chain yakhelwe ngokwemiqathango ethile yokhuseleko lomthwalo olinganisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-hand chain hoist kunye nomthwalo olinganisiweyo we-toni ye-1, ukhuseleko lwe-chain chain luhlala luphakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-6, oku kuthetha ukuba ubuninzi bexinzelelo oluvumelekileyo lwe-chain yi-4 ukuya ku-6 amaxesha omthwalo olinganisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenziseni okwenyani, xa umthwalo olinganisiweyo ugqithisiwe, amandla ekhonkco aya kudlula uluhlu loyilo.
Ukususela kuhlalutyo lwamandla, xa ikhonkco iphakamisa izinto ezinzima, ukunyanzeliswa kwekhonkco nganye kuhanjiswe ngokulinganayo. Xa ulayishiwe, uxinzelelo lwekhonkco lwekhonkco luya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza. Ngokomgaqo wobuchwephesha bezinto eziphathekayo, uxinzelelo lwekhonkco lekhonkco lulingana noxinzelelo kwaye luhambelana ngokungafaniyo nendawo enqamlezileyo yekhonkco lekhonkco. Emva kokuba uxinzelelo lwekhonkco lwekhonkco lugqithise amandla okuvelisa izinto, ikhonkco lekhonkco liya kungena kwi-deformation yeplastiki; ukuba idlula ngakumbi amandla okuqina kwezinto, ikhonkco lekhonkco liya kuphuka.
Ekusetyenzisweni okwenyani, iingozi zokuqhekeka kwekhonkco leentsimbi zezandla zenzeka amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezifanelekileyo, kwiingozi zekhonkco lekhonkco lesandla, ukuqhawuka kwekhonkco okubangelwa kumthwalo ogqithisiweyo weakhawunti ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70%. Ngokomzekelo, kwisiza sokwakha, kwasetyenziswa ityathanga lezandla elinomthwalo olinganisiweyo weetoni ezi-3 ukuphakamisa ubunzima obuziitoni ezi-5. Ngenxa yoko, ikhonkco yaphuka ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokunyusa, okwenza ukuba ubunzima siwe, kubangela umonakalo wezixhobo kunye nokulimala kwabasebenzi. Le ngozi ibonisa ngokupheleleyo isoyikiso esikhulu sokugcwala kukhuseleko lwamatyathanga okunyusa amatyathanga.

2. Izinto ezichaphazela ukuba nokwenzeka kokuqhekeka kwekhonkco

2.1 Iqondo lokugcwala
Iqondo lomthwalo ogqithisiweyo ngomnye wemiba ephambili echaphazela ukuba nokwenzeka kokuqhawuka kwekhonkco lokuxhoma ikhonkco lezandla. Ngokobuxhakaxhaka bezinto eziphathekayo kunye nedatha yovavanyo ehambelanayo, xa umthwalo we-chain hoist udlula i-10% yomthwalo olinganisiweyo, ukuphuka kwekhonkco kuya kunyuka kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-chain hoist kunye nomthwalo olinganisiweyo we-1 ton, xa umthwalo wangempela ufikelela kwi-1.1 yeetoni, amathuba okuqhawula ikhonkco malunga ne-5%; kwaye xa umthwalo ufikelela kwi-150% yomthwalo olinganisiweyo, ithuba lokuphuka liya kunyuka libe ngaphezu kwe-30%.
Oku kunyuka kwamathuba kubangelwa ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba into ethile yokhuseleko ithathelwe ingqalelo kuyilo lwekhonkco, kodwa ukulayisha ngaphezulu kuya kuluqhawula ngokukhawuleza olu luhlu lokhuseleko. Ukuthatha uphawu oluthile lwe-chain hoist njengomzekelo, into yokukhusela i-chain yayo yi-5, oko kukuthi, ayiyi kuphuka ngaphakathi kwamaxesha ama-5 umthwalo olinganisiweyo kwithiyori. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimvavanyo zangempela, xa umthwalo ufikelela kumaxesha angama-2 umthwalo olinganisiweyo, ithuba lokuqhawula ikhonkco lisondele kwi-20%. Oku kubonisa ukuba iqondo eliphezulu lokulayishwa, kokukhona umngcipheko wokuqhawuka kwekhonkco.

2.2 Imathiriyeli yekhonkco kunye nomgangatho
Impembelelo yezinto zekhonkco kunye nomgangatho kwithuba lokuphuka alikwazi ukuhoywa. Amatyathanga akumgangatho ophezulu ahlala enziwe ngentsimbi ephezulu, kwaye amandla abo okuqina kunye namandla emveliso aphezulu kakhulu kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, amandla okuqina omgangatho ophezulu we-alloy steel chain angakwazi ukufikelela kwi-MPa eyi-1200, ngelixa amandla okuqina amatyathanga entsimbi aqhelekileyo angama-800 MPa kuphela. Oku kuthetha ukuba phantsi kwemeko efanayo yokulayisha ngaphezulu, amathuba okuqhawula amatyathanga ensimbi ye-alloy ephezulu aphantsi kakhulu.
Ukongezelela, inkqubo yokuvelisa ikhonkco iya kuchaphazela nomgangatho wayo. Amandla e-welding point of the chain kunye nenkqubo ye-welding ephantsi iya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunomgangatho oqhelekileyo. Ngokutsho kophando olufanelekileyo, amathuba okuqhawula i-chain kunye namandla anganeleyo e-welding point kuya kuba yi-15% ephezulu kuneyetsheyini enomgangatho ofanelekileyo we-welding phantsi kwe-10% yokulayisha ngaphezulu. Ngoko ke, umgangatho wezinto zekhonkco kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwayo phantsi kweemeko zokugcwala.
Isishwankathelo, iqondo lomthwalo ogqithisiweyo kunye nezinto kunye nomgangatho wekhonkco yimiba emibini ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukuba nokwenzeka kokuqhekeka kwekhonkco le-hand chain hoist. Ukulayisha ngaphezulu kuya kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwekhonkco, ngelixa izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa inokunciphisa lo mngcipheko ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa i-hand chain hoist, ukunamathela ngokungqongqo kumthwalo olinganisiweyo kunye nokukhetha amatyathanga asemgangathweni yimilinganiselo ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo.

3. Uvavanyo lwamathuba okuqhekeka kokusetyenziswa kwangempela

3.1 Uhlalutyo lwamanani olusekwe kumatyala eengozi
Ngokweenkcukacha-manani zamatyala eengozi afanelekileyo, umthwalo ogqithisileyo ufikelela kuma-70% eengozi zokuqhawuka kwamatsheyina. Ngokomzekelo, kwindawo yokwakha, ikhonkco lekhonkco elinomthwalo olinganisiweyo weetoni ezi-3 lalisetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa ubunzima beetoni ezi-5. Ngenxa yoko, ikhonkco laphuka ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokunyusa, okwenza ukuba ubunzima siwe, okubangele umonakalo wezixhobo kunye nokulimala kwabasebenzi. Uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo lufumene ukuba xa umthwalo we-chain hoist udlula i-10% yomthwalo olinganisiweyo, amathuba okuqhekeka kweketana anyuke kakhulu, kwaye xa umthwalo ufikelela kwi-150% yomthwalo olinganisiweyo, ukuphuka kwe-fracture kuya kunyuka ngaphezu kwe-30%.
Ngokweenkcukacha-manani zoshishino, ukulayishwa ngokugqithisileyo kuqhelekile kusetyenziso lwenene lweehoists zamatsheyini, ngakumbi kumashishini amancinci athile kunye neziza zokwakha. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kolawulo olungqongqo kunye nokubekwa kweliso, ukugcwala kakhulu kweehoists zamatsheyini kuhlala kwenzeka. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezingaphelelanga, kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, kubekho iingozi ezili-120 zokuqhawuka kwetsheyini lokunyuswa kweengozi ezibangwe kukulayishwa ngokugqithisileyo, ezibalelwa kuma-68% yenani lilonke leengozi ze-chain hoist. Ezi ngozi azibanganga nje kuphela ilahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho, kodwa zikhokelele kwiingxwelerha ezininzi.
3.2 Ukubala kwethiyori kunye nokulinganisa
Ngokwembono yokubala kwethiyori, ukuba nokwenzeka kokuqhekeka kwetyathanga lamatyathanga okunyusa amatsheyina kunokuphononongwa ngoomatshini bemathiriyeli kunye nezibalo ezinokwenzeka. Ngokomgaqo wobuxhakaxhaka bezinto eziphathekayo, ukuba nokwenzeka kokuqhekeka kwekhonkco kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo noxinzelelo oluphantsi kwayo kunye namandla okuqina ezinto eziphathekayo. Xa uxinzelelo lwekhonkco ludlula amandla emveliso yezinto eziphathekayo, ikhonkco iya kungena kwi-deformation yeplastiki; ukuba igqithisa ngakumbi amandla obunzima bezinto eziphathekayo, ikhonkco liya kuphuka.
Ukuthatha uphawu oluthile lwe-hand chain hoist njengomzekelo, ukhuseleko lwe-chain chain yi-5, oko kukuthi, ayiyi kuphuka ngaphakathi kwamaxesha ama-5 umthwalo olinganisiweyo kwithiyori. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimvavanyo zangempela, xa umthwalo ufikelela kumaxesha angama-2 umthwalo olinganisiweyo, ithuba lokuqhawula ikhonkco lisondele kwi-20%. Ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo zokulinganisa, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba xa i-degree degree overload yi-10%, amathuba okuqhawula ikhonkco malunga ne-5%; kwaye xa idigri yomthwalo ogqithisiweyo ifikelela kwi-50%, amathuba okuphuka aya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza ukuya kuma-25%.
Ukongeza, ngokulinganisa iimeko zoxinzelelo zamatyathanga okunyusa amakhonkco phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokugcwala ngohlalutyo olunesiphelo, ukubakho kokuqhekeka kwekhonkco kunokuqikelelwa ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi. Iziphumo zokulinganisa zibonisa ukuba amathuba okuqhekeka kwekhonkco akuhambelani kuphela kwinqanaba lomthwalo ogqithisiweyo, kodwa kwakhona uhambelana ngokusondeleyo nezinto ezifana neziphene zokuqala zekhonkco kunye neempawu zokukhathala kwezinto. Umzekelo, ukuba kukho ukuqhekeka okuncinci kokuqala kwitsheyini, amathuba awo okuqhekeka aya kuba phezulu ngokuphindwe kaninzi kunolo lwekhonkco elingenasiphako.
Isishwankathelo, ukuba nokwenzeka kokuqhawuka kwekhonkco xa ikhonkco lekhonkco lesandla ligcwele kakhulu lingaphononongwa ngokubanzi ngokudityaniswa kweenkcukacha-manani zengozi kunye nokubalwa kwethiyori kunye nokulinganisa. Ezi ziphumo zophando zibonelela ngereferensi ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kweehosti zekhonkco lezandla.

4. Amanyathelo okuthintela ukuqhawuka kwamakhonkco

4.1 Ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwamakhonkco ezandla
Ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-hand chain hoists likhonkco eliphambili ekuthinteleni ukuqhekeka kwekhonkco. Okokuqala, abaqhubi kufuneka basebenze ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nomthwalo olinganisiweyo wesixhobo kwaye ukulayisha ngaphezulu akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Ngokwezibalo, ukulayisha ngaphezulu yenye yezona zizathu ziphambili zokuqhawuka kwamakhonkco eentsimbi zezandla, okubalelwa kwi-70%. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, umthwalo olinganisiweyo kunye nomthwalo wangempela wesixhobo kufuneka uhlolwe ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zombini ziyahambelana.
Ukongeza, ngexesha lokusebenza, qinisekisa ukuba ikhonkco lekhonkco lekhonkco lesandla lixhonywe ngokuthe nkqo ukuphepha ukutsalwa kwe-oblique. Ukutsalwa kwe-oblique kuya kwandisa amandla kwikhonkco, kubangela ukuba ikhonkco ishukume ngokulula ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphakamisa, kunye nokuguqulwa kunye nokugqoka. Umzekelo, kwindawo yolwakhiwo, umqhubi watsala umxokelelwane we-hand chain obliquely, obangele amandla angalinganiyo kwikhonkco, kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhonkco laphuka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphakamisa, okwenza umonakalo wesixhobo kunye nokulimala komntu.
Xa utsala ikhonkco, amandla kufuneka agcinwe ngokuthe ngxi ukuphepha ukutsala kunye nokutsala. Ukutsalwa ngesiquphe nangokunamandla kunokubangela ukuba ityathanga lijamke okanye liphuke, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezigcwala kakhulu, umngcipheko uya kwanda kakhulu. Ke ngoko, abaqhubi kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho lobuchwephesha kwaye basebenzise iindlela ezichanekileyo zokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lesandla.

4.2 Ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa rhoqo rhoqo
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kweziqinisekiso ezibalulekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwekhonkco le-hand chain hoist. Okokuqala, ikhonkco kufuneka lihlolwe ngokupheleleyo, kubandakanywa nokuba ikhonkco ngalinye lekhonkco ligugile, likhubazekile okanye liqhekekile. Ngokutsho kophando olufanelekileyo, ukunxitywa kwekhonkco kuya kunciphisa kakhulu amandla ayo obunzima. Xa ukunxiba kwekhonkco kufikelela kwi-10% yobubanzi bayo, amandla ayo okuqina aya kuncitshiswa malunga ne-20%. Ngoko ke, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kweentambo zokugqoka kunye nokutshintshwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo lamaketanga agqitywe kakhulu yimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yokuthintela ukuphulwa kwekhonkco.
Ngelo xesha, ezinye iindawo ze-hand chain hoist, ezifana neekhonkco, ii-sprockets, njl., kufuneka zihlolwe. I-Deformation okanye ii-cracks kwi-hook inokubangela ukuba ubunzima bobunzima, ngelixa ukunxiba kwe-sprocket kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwekhonkco kunye nokwandisa amandla kwikhonkco. Ukuthambisa rhoqo kwekhonkco kunye ne-sprocket kunokunciphisa ukungqubuzana kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yekhonkco. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ubomi benkonzo yeetyathanga ezithanjiswa rhoqo zinokwandiswa ngaphezu kwe-30%.
Ukongezelela, inkqubo yokuhlola rhoqo kufuneka isekwe ukurekhoda iziphumo zohlolo ngalunye ukwenzela ukuba iingxaki ezinokuthi zifunyanwe kwaye amanyathelo anokuthathwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, inkampani ethile yaseka inkqubo yokuhlola rhoqo, yenza uhlolisiso olubanzi lwekhonkco lokuxhoma ityathanga lezandla nyanga nganye, yatshintshwa amatyathanga agutyungelwe kakhulu ngexesha elifanelekileyo, yaza yanciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iziganeko zokuqhawuka kwamatyathanga.
Isishwankathelo, umngcipheko wokuqhawula ikhonkco ungancitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo kunokuqinisekiswa ngokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-hand chain hoist kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa.

5. Isishwankathelo
Ngophononongo olunzulu lobudlelwane phakathi kwe-chain hoist overload kunye nokuqhekeka kwekhonkco, kudibaniswa neemeko zengozi zangempela, izibalo zethiyori kunye nokulinganisa, kunye neengxoxo malunga namanyathelo okuthintela, ezi zigqibo zilandelayo zinokuthathwa:
5.1 Umthwalo omninzi ngoyena nobangela wokuqhawuka kwamakhonkco
Umthwalo ogqithisileyo ngoyena nobangela wokuqhawuka kwekhonkco kwi-hoists yamatsheyini, kubalwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70%. Xa umthwalo we-chain hoist udlula i-10% yomthwalo olinganisiweyo, amathuba okuqhawula i-chain ayanda kakhulu; kwaye xa umthwalo ufikelela kwi-150% yomthwalo olinganisiweyo, amathuba okuqhawula amakhonkco anyuka ngaphezu kwe-30%. Oku kubonisa ukuba iqondo eliphezulu lokulayishwa, kokukhona umngcipheko wokuqhawuka kwekhonkco.
5.2 Ukubaluleka kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nomgangatho
Izinto eziphathekayo kunye nomgangatho wekhonkco zinempembelelo enkulu ekunokwenzeka kokuphuka. Amatyathanga akumgangatho ophezulu ahlala enziwe ngentsimbi yentsimbi ephezulu, enegunya eliqinileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1200 MPa, ngelixa amandla okuqina amatyathanga entsimbi aqhelekileyo angama-800 MPa kuphela. Ukongeza, kumatyathanga anetekhnoloji ye-welding ekumgangatho osezantsi, amathuba okuqhekeka aya kuba yi-15% ephezulu kuneetyathanga ezinomgangatho we-welding ofanelekileyo xa ulayishwe kakhulu nge-10%. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokuvelisa ihambelana nemigangatho yindlela ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhawula ikhonkco.
5.3 Uvavanyo lwamathuba okuqhawuka kokusetyenziswa kwangempela
Ukusukela kwezona ziganeko zengozi, kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, kubekho iingozi ezili-120 zokuqhawuka kwamatyathanga ezibangelwe kukugcwala kakhulu, ezibalelwa kuma-68% yenani lilonke leengozi ze-chain hoist. Ngokubala kwethiyori kunye nokulinganisa, xa idigri yomthwalo ogqithisiweyo i-10%, amathuba okuqhawula ikhonkco malunga ne-5%; xa idigri yomthwalo ogqithisiweyo ifikelela kwi-50%, amathuba okuphuka aya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza ukuya kuma-25%. Ukongeza, uhlalutyo lwento elinganiselweyo lubonisa ukuba amathuba okuqhekeka kwekhonkco akuhambelani kuphela nenqanaba lokugcwala, kodwa likwanxulumene ngokusondeleyo nezinto ezifana neziphene zokuqala zekhonkco kunye neempawu zokudinwa kwezinto.
5.4 Ukusebenza kwamanyathelo othintelo
Ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-hand chain hoist kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kweendlela eziphambili zokuthintela ukuphuka kwekhonkco. Abaqhubi kufuneka basebenze ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nomthwalo olinganisiweyo wesixhobo, kwaye ukulayisha ngaphezulu kuthintelwe ngokungqongqo. Kwangaxeshanye, qinisekisa ukuba ikhonkco lixhonywe ngokuthe nkqo, gwema ukutsalwa nge-oblique, gcina amandla angaguquki, kwaye ugweme ukutsala nokutsala ngamandla. Ukujonga rhoqo ukunxiba kwekhonkco kunye nokutshintsha ikhonkco eligugile kakhulu ngexesha kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwekhonkco. Ukongeza, i-lubrication rhoqo yekhonkco kunye ne-sprocket inokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yekhonkco kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuphuka.

Isishwankathelo, ukuba nokwenzeka kokuqhekeka kwekhonkco xa i-hoist ye-hand chain igcwele kakhulu inxulumene ngokusondeleyo kunye neqondo lokugqithiswa, i-chain material kunye nomgangatho. Ngokuthobela ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza, ukukhetha amatyathanga akumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa, umngcipheko wokuqhawula ikhonkco ungancitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwe-hand chain hoist.