Iimpawu zokhuseleko lweentambo zombane zokunyuswa kombane

Iimpawu zokhuseleko lweentambo zombane zokunyuswa kombane: isitshixo sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi yoshishino

Kwimveliso yanamhlanje yemizi-mveliso, iintambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo zizixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokuphakamisa kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifektri, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, iindawo zokwakha kunye nezinye iindawo. Ngokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokulula, ibonelela ngokulula kakhulu ekuphatheni izinto eziphathekayo kunye nemisebenzi yokuphakamisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukhuseleko luhlala luyingqwalasela ephambili yokusebenzisaintambo yocingo yokunyusela ombane. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga iimpawu zokhuseleko lweentambo zombane zokuxhoma ngombane ngobunzulu, kwaye zenze uhlalutyo olucacileyo oluvela kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana noyilo kunye nokuveliswa, ukhuseleko lokusebenza, ukugcinwa kunye nokuhlolwa, kunye nokuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo, kujoliswe ekunikeni abasebenzisi isikhokelo esibanzi sokhuseleko ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwemisebenzi yoshishino.

1. Isishwankathelo seentambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo

(I) Inkcazo kunye nesakhiwo esisisiseko
Iintambo zombane zokunyuswa kombane zizixhobo zokuphakamisa ezikhaphukhaphu nezincinci, ikakhulu ezenziwe ngeenjini, iindlela zothumelo, amagubu kunye neentambo zocingo. Iqhuba igubu ukuba lijikelezise kwimotor ukuya emoyeni okanye ukukhulula intambo yocingo, ngaloo ndlela iqonda ukuphakanyiswa kunye nokuhamba kwezinto ezinzima.
(II) Umgaqo wokusebenza
Umgaqo osebenzayo weentambo zentambo zombane zilula. Xa i-motor ivuliwe, i-motor shaft iqhuba igiya kwisinciphisi ukujikeleza, kwaye igiya iqhuba igubu ukuba lijikeleze. Intambo yocingo kwigubu iyalinyazwa okanye ikhululwe xa igubu lijikeleza, kwaye ihuku ihla inyuka ngokunyuka nokuwa kwentambo yocingo, ngaloo ndlela iqonda ukuphakanyiswa kwezinto ezinzima.
(III) Iinkalo zesicelo
Iintambo zombane zokunyuswa kombane zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga apho:
Iiworkshops zasefektri: ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha izinto eziphathekayo, ukufakwa kwezixhobo kunye nokugcinwa kwimigca yokuvelisa.
Iindawo zokugcina iimpahla: ezisetyenziselwa ukupakisha, ukulayishwa kunye nokothula iimpahla.
Iindawo zokwakha: ezisetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa izinto zokwakha, ukufakwa kwezixhobo zokwakha, njl.
Iitheminali zezibuko: ezisetyenziselwa ukulayisha kunye nokothula iimpahla.

2. Uyilo kunye nokhuseleko lokuvelisa

(I) Ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo zeentambo zombane zombane zibalulekile kwaye zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko kunye nobomi benkonzo. Amacandelo ayo aphambili afana neenjini, izinciphisi, iidramu, iintambo zocingo, njl.njl. kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Imoto: Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa i-conical motor, ene-torque enkulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-braking. Izindlu zeemoto kufuneka zenziwe ngentsimbi ephezulu okanye intsimbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla ayo okwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kokushisa ubushushu.
Umnciphisi: Yamkela inqanaba elithathu elisisigxina le-helical gear transmission mechanism. Iigiya kunye neentsimbi zentsimbi zenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy ephethwe ngubushushu. Umzimba webhokisi kunye nesigqubuthelo sebhokisi zenziwe ngentsimbi ephezulu, ehlanganiswe ngokuqinileyo kwaye itywinwe kakuhle.
Igubu: Igubu lelinye lamacandelo abalulekileyo entambo yombane yokunyusela. Izinto zayo kufuneka zibe namandla okwaneleyo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngentsimbi ephezulu.
Intambo yocingo: Intambo yocingo yinxalenye ephambili yentambo yombane yokunyusela. Umgangatho wayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lwezixhobo. Intambo yocingo kufuneka ibe yintambo yodidi oluphakamisayo enoxinzelelo olukhulu oluqhawukayo kunye nokumelana nokudinwa. Izakhiwo zeentambo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-6×36WS, 6×37, njl.
(II) Uyilo lwesakhiwo
Uyilo lwesakhiwo sentambo yombane yokunyusela kufuneka ilandele imigaqo yokhuseleko, ukuthembeka kunye nengqiqo ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lwesixhobo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
Uyilo lwe-motor kunye ne-drum: Indawo ehambelanayo ye-axis ye-motor kunye ne-drum axis inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kubumbano lwesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwesixhobo. Iindlela zokucwangcisa eziqhelekileyo ziquka iindidi ezine: i-motor axis i-perpendicular kwi-drum axis, i-motor axis ihambelana ne-drum axis, i-motor ifakwe ngaphakathi kwi-drum, kwaye i-motor ifakwe ngaphandle kwe-drum. Indlela nganye yoyilo ineenzuzo kunye nokungona kwayo, kwaye kufuneka ikhethwe ngokweemeko ezithile kunye neemfuno.
Inkqubo ye-Braking: Intambo yombane yokunyuswa kombane ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo ethembekileyo yokuqhobosha ukuqinisekisa ukuba into enzima inokuxhonywa ngokuzinzileyo emoyeni ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyuswa. Ibhuleki ngokuqhelekileyo ithatha i-conical brake, edityaniswe kwi-motor shaft. Xa injini iyeka, isiqhoboshi siyatshixa ngokuzenzekelayo ukunqanda into enzima ukuba ingatyibiliki ezantsi.
Isixhobo sokunciphisa: Isixhobo esisikelwe umda sesinye sezixhobo zokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo zentambo yombane yokunyusela. Isetyenziselwa ukucutha uhambo oluya phezulu nasezantsi lwehuku ukunqanda intambo yocingo ekubeni ibe nenxeba okanye ikhululeke. Izithinteli eziphezulu kunye nezisezantsi kufuneka zifakwe kuzo zombini iziphelo zomgqomo. Xa i-hook iphakama okanye iwela kwindawo elinganiselweyo, umlinganiselo uya kunqumla ngokuzenzekelayo unikezelo lwamandla kwaye umise i-motor ekusebenzeni.
(III) Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso
Inkqubo yokuvelisa intambo yombane yokunyuswa kombane ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, imigangatho efanelekileyo kunye neenkcukacha kufuneka zigcinwe ngokungqongqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kokuveliswa kunye nomgangatho wokuhlanganisa wecandelo ngalinye.
Ukusetyenzwa kwamacandelo: Sebenzisa izixhobo zokusebenza eziphambili kunye netekhnoloji yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komda kunye nomgangatho womphezulu wamacandelo. Umzekelo, oomatshini bokulungisa igiya abachanekileyo abaphezulu kufuneka basetyenziselwe ukusetyenzwa kwegiya ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweprofayile yezinyo legiya kunye nokusebenza kwemeshing.
Inkqubo yeNdibano: INdibano likhonkco eliphambili kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kweentambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo, kwaye kufuneka ziqhutywe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana neemfuno zenkqubo yokuhlanganisa. Ngethuba lenkqubo yendibano, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ngokuchaneka kokuchaneka kwecandelo ngalinye ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, xa udibanisa intambo yocingo, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba intambo yocingo iboshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwigubhu ngaphandle kokuwela okanye ukujija.
Ukuhlolwa komgangatho: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, ukuhlolwa komgangatho ongqongqo kufuneka kuqhutywe, kubandakanywa ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukuhlolwa kweengxenye, ukuhlolwa kwendibano kunye nokuhlolwa kwemveliso egqityiweyo. Izinto zokuhlola zibandakanya ukuchaneka komda, umgangatho wenkangeleko, uvavanyo lwentsebenzo, njl. njl., ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zombane zokunyuswa ngenqanawa zisuka kumzi-mveliso ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo kunye neenkcukacha.

3. Ukhuseleko lokusebenza
(I) Iziqinisekiso zoMsebenzi kunye noqeqesho
Umsebenzisi wesixhasi sombane sentambo kufuneka abe neziqinisekiso ezihambelanayo nolwazi lobungcali ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sinokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuchanekileyo.
Iimfuno zokufaneleka: Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho lobuchwephesha kwaye bafumane isatifikethi sokusebenza esingqinelanayo phambi kokuba bangene kwizikhundla zabo. Umxholo woqeqesho ubandakanya umgaqo-siseko, indlela yokusebenza, izilumkiso zokhuseleko, njl njl. zezixhobo.
Uqeqesho ngokhuseleko: Uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo ngokhuseleko lwenziwa kubaqhubi ukuze baphucule ulwazi lwabo ngokhuseleko kunye nezakhono zokusebenza. Umxholo woqeqesho ungabandakanya ukuhlalutya kwimeko yengozi, amanyathelo okuphendula ngokukhawuleza, njl., ukwenzela ukuba abaqhubi bakwazi ukulawula iinkqubo zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo zezixhobo.
(II) Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokusebenza
Phambi kokusebenzisa intambo yombane yokunyusela ixesha ngalinye, umqhubi kufuneka enze uhlolo oluneenkcukacha lwaphambi kokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sikwimeko entle yokusebenza.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkangeleko: Jonga ukuba inkangeleko yesixhobo yonakele okanye ikhubazekile, njengokuba indlu yemoto, isinciphisi, igubu, ihuku kunye nezinye iindawo zineentanda, ukunxiba kunye nezinye izinto.
Ukuhlolwa kwentambo yocingo: Jonga ukuba intambo yocingo inazo na iingcingo ezaphukileyo, ukuguga, ukonakala kunye nezinye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga. Ngokwemiqathango ye-GB / T 5972-2017 "Ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa, ukuhlolwa kunye nokuchithwa kweentambo ze-crane", xa inani leentambo eziphukileyo zentambo yocingo lidlula umgangatho othile, intambo yocingo kufuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuhlolwa kwe hook: Khangela ukuba i-hook ineentanda kunye ne-deformation, kwaye ingaba idigri yokuvula i-hook idlula ixabiso elichaziweyo. Ikhonkco kufuneka ixhotywe ngesixhobo esichasene ne-unhooking ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezinzima aziyi kuwela ngengozi ngexesha lokunyusa.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo yombane: Khangela ukuba intambo yamandla, amaqhosha okulawula, iiswitshi zomda kunye nezinye izinto zombane ziqhelekileyo, nokuba kukho nawuphi na umonakalo, ukuguga kunye nezinye izinto. Qinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwe-insulation yesixokelelwano sombane kulungile ukuthintela iingozi zokothuka kombane.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo ye-Braking: Khangela ukuba i-brake inovakalelo kwaye inokwethenjelwa, kwaye ingaba impembelelo ye-braking ilungile. Kwimeko yokungabikho komthwalo, qalisa kwaye umise i-motor amaxesha amaninzi ukujonga impendulo ye-brake.
(III) Amanyathelo okhuseleko asebenzayo
Xa usebenzisa intambo yombane yokunyusela, kufuneka uthobele ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kule miba ilandelayo:
Ukulayisha ngaphezulu akuvumelekanga: Intambo yombane yokunyuswa kwentambo inomthwalo olinganiselweyo ocacileyo kwaye akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuwulayisha kakhulu. Ukulayisha ngaphezulu kuya kubangela ukugcwala kwezixhobo, kubangela ukusilela koomatshini kunye neengozi zokhuseleko.
Ukuphakamisa okuzinzileyo: Xa uphakamisa izinto ezinzima, qinisekisa ukuba izinto ezinzima ziboshwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye i-hook ihambelana neziko lobunzima bezinto ezinzima ukuze ugweme ukuthambeka kunye nokuthambeka. Xa uphakamisa, phakamisa kancinane, kwaye unqumame xa into enzima iku-10-20cm ukusuka emhlabeni, jonga ukuzinza kunye nokuqhawula isixhobo, kwaye uqhubeke uphakamisa emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kungaqhelekanga.
Ukusebenza okungenamagingxigingxi: Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuphakamisa, izinto ezinzima kufuneka zigcinwe zizinzileyo ukuze zigweme ukugubha kunye nokungqubana. Umsebenzisi kufuneka alawule isiphatho sokusebenza ngokulinganayo ukunqanda ukukhawulezisa ngequbuliso, ukuthoba isantya okanye ukutshintsha indlela.
Akukho basebenzi abavunyelwe ukuba basondele: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphakamisa, abasebenzi banqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba bahlale okanye badlule phantsi kwezinto ezinzima. Iimpawu ezilumkisayo kufuneka zibekwe kwindawo yokuphakamisa ukukhumbuza abantu abajikelezayo ukuba banikele ingqalelo kukhuseleko.
Kuphephe ukuhamba ixesha elide: Zama ukuphepha izinto ezinzima ezijikeleza emoyeni ixesha elide ukuphepha ukwandisa umthwalo kunye nomngcipheko wesixhobo. Ukuba i-hovering yexesha elide iyafuneka, inkqubo ye-braking kufuneka ithembeke kwaye imeko yesixhobo kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo.
(IV) Ulawulo lomthwalo
Ulawulo lomthwalo olufanelekileyo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kweentambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo.
Ukubala komthwalo: Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa, ubunzima bento enzima kufuneka bubalwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayidluli umthwalo olinganisiweyo wesixhobo. Kwizinto ezinzima ezinemilo engaqhelekanga okanye ukusabalalisa ubunzima obungalinganiyo, uhlalutyo olunzulu lokusabalalisa ubunzima kufuneka lwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulinganisela kunye nokuzinza ngexesha lokunyusa.
Ukuhanjiswa komthwalo: Izinto ezinzima eziphakanyiswe kwiindawo ezininzi, umthwalo kufuneka usasazwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba amandla kwindawo nganye yokuphakamisa iyafana kwaye ugweme ukugqithiswa kwendawo.
Isithinteli sokulayishwa: Ezinye iintambo zombane zokunyuswa kweentambo zixhotyiswe ngezithinteli zomthwalo. Xa umthwalo udlula umthwalo olinganisiweyo, umda womthwalo uya kunqumla ngokuzenzekelayo unikezelo lwamandla kwaye umise izixhobo ekusebenzeni. Abaqhubi kufuneka bajonge rhoqo uvakalelo kunye nokuthembeka kwesithinteli somthwalo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuqhelekileyo.
(V) Ukuphathwa ngexesha likaxakeka
Ngexesha lokusebenza, ezinye iimeko zonxunguphalo zinokuthi zenzeke, ezifana nokusilela kwezixhobo, izinto ezinzima ezingalawulekiyo, njl. njl.
Ukumisa okungxamisekileyo: Xa udibana nemeko engxamisekileyo, iqhosha lokumisa likaxakeka kufuneka licinezelwe ngoko nangoko ukunqumla umbane wesixhobo kunye nokuyekisa izixhobo zokusebenza.
I-alamu yengozi: Emva kokuba ingozi yenzeke, kufuneka ixelwe kumasebe afanelekileyo kunye nabasebenzi ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye isicwangciso sikaxakeka kufuneka sisebenze. Kwangaxeshanye, indawo yengozi kufuneka ikhuselwe kuphando nokuphathwa kwalandelayo.
Ukukhutshwa kwabasebenzi: Ukuba ingozi inokubangela ingozi kubasebenzi abakufutshane, abasebenzi kufuneka bakhutshwe ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi.

4. Ukugcinwa kunye nokuhlolwa kokhuseleko
(I) Ukuhlolwa kwemihla ngemihla
Ukuhlolwa kwemihla ngemihla ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwentambo yombane yokunyusela. Abaqhubi kufuneka bajonge phambi nasemva kokusetyenziswa ngakunye.
Ukuhlolwa kwembonakalo: Khangela ukuba inkangeleko yesixhobo esonakele, ikhubazekile, igugile, njl.
Ukuhlolwa kokuthambisa: Jonga ukuthanjiswa kwesixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo nganye ehambayo ineoyile yokuthambisa eyaneleyo. Ukuba ioli yokuthambisa ifunyaniswa ingonelanga okanye iyancipha, kufuneka ifakwe okanye itshintshwe ngexesha.
Ukuhlolwa kombane: Khangela ukuba ngaba izinto zombane ezifana nentambo yamandla, iqhosha lokulawula, ukutshintshwa komda kuqhelekileyo, nokuba kukho nawuphi na umonakalo, ukuguga, ukukhululeka, njl.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Braking: Jonga ukuba i-brake inovakalelo kwaye inokwethenjelwa, kwaye ingaba impembelelo ye-braking ilungile. Kwimeko yokungabikho komthwalo, qalisa kwaye umise i-motor amaxesha amaninzi ukujonga impendulo ye-brake.
(II) Ukugcinwa rhoqo
Iintambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo zifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide.
Umjikelo wogcino: Ngokokuphindaphindwa kokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo kunye nendawo yokusebenza, umjikelo wolondolozo olufanelekileyo kufuneka uqulunqwe. Kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba kwenziwe ulondolozo olungephi kanye ngenyanga, ulondolozo oluphakathi kanye ngekota, kunye nolondolozo olukhulu kanye ngonyaka.
Umxholo wogcino:
Ukugcinwa okuncinci: kubandakanywa ukucoca umphezulu wezixhobo, ukujonga kunye nokuzalisa ioli yokuthambisa, ukujonga ukunxiba kwentambo yocingo kunye nekhonkco, njl.
Ukugcinwa okuphakathi: Ukongeza kwisondlo esincinci, kukwabandakanya ukujonga ukunxiba kwezixhobo zokunciphisa, ukujonga ukusebenza kwe-braking ye-brake, ukujonga ukusebenza kwe-insulation yenkqubo yombane, njl.
Ukugcinwa okukhulu: Ukongeza kwisondlo esiphakathi, kukwabandakanya ukuchithwa okupheleleyo kunye nokuhlolwa kwezixhobo, ukutshintshwa kweendawo ezigugile kakhulu, ukulungiswa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza kwezixhobo, njl.
Iirekhodi zokugcinwa: Ukuseka iifayile zerekhodi zokugcinwa kwezixhobo, kwaye urekhode ngokweenkcukacha ixesha, umxholo, iingxaki ezifunyenweyo kunye nemilinganiselo yonyango yesondlo ngasinye. Oku kunceda ukuqonda imeko yokusebenza kwesixhobo kunye nokubonelela ngereferensi yokugcinwa nokulungiswa okulandelayo.
(III) Ukutshintshwa kwamalungu okunxiba
Ezinye iindawo zentambo yombane yokunyusela zinxitywe iinxalenye kwaye kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokuthembeka kwesixhobo.
Intambo yocingo: Ngokwexesha lokuguga kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentambo yocingo, buyisela intambo yocingo rhoqo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba ubomi benkonzo yentambo yocingo yinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwi-1 unyaka, kwaye umjikelezo othile wokutshintshwa unokumiselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo kunye nendawo yokusebenza.
I-brake friction pad: I-pad friction pad iya kunxiba ngokuthe ngcembe ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, echaphazela umphumo wokuqhawula. Xa ubukhulu be-friction pad bugqitywe kwi-1/3 yobunzima bokuqala, kufuneka butshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ioyile yokuthambisa: Rhoqo buyisela ioyile yokuthambisa yesixhobo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweoyile yokuthambisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba utshintshe ioli yokuthambisa rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3. Umjikelo othile wokutshintsha unokumiselwa ngokwencwadi yemiyalelo yesixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kokwenene.
Amacandelo ombane: Amacandelo ombane afana nee-contactors kunye nee-relays zinokuba noqhagamshelwano olubi kunye nokuguga ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. Jonga rhoqo imeko yokusebenza yamacandelo ombane kwaye utshintshe amacandelo awonakele ngexesha.
(IV) Izilumkiso kugcino
Xa usenza umsebenzi wolondolozo kwiintambo zombane zokuhombisa iintambo, qwalasela le miba ilandelayo:
Cima unikezelo lombane: Phambi kogcino, unikezelo lombane lwezixhobo kufuneka lucinywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sikwimo yokucima umbane ukuthintela iingozi zokothuka kombane.
Umsebenzi wobungcali: Umsebenzi wogcino kufuneka wenziwe ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokhuseleko lwemisebenzi yokulondoloza.
Sebenzisa izincedisi ezifanelekileyo: Xa utshintsha iinxalenye, izincedisi ezifanelekileyo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zezixhobo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwezincedisi.
Ukuthobela iinkqubo zokusebenza: Ngexesha lolungiso, iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye neemfuno zemanyuwali zokugcinwa kwesixhobo kufuneka zilandelwe ngokungqongqo ukuphepha ukusebenza okungekho mthethweni.

5. Ukuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko

(I) Iimfuno zokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo
Iimfuno zokusetyenziswa kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko yeentambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo zahlukile kwiindawo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo.
Indawo yobushushu obuphezulu: Kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu besixhobo semoto, isinciphisi kunye nezinye izinto ziya kunyuka, ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwazo kunye nobomi. Kufuneka kuthatyathwe amanyathelo asebenzayo okuphelisa ubushushu, njengokongeza i-heat sinks kunye nokufakela iifeni zokupholisa. Kwangaxeshanye, ii-lubricants ezichasene nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nezitywina kufuneka zikhethwe ukuthintela ukuwohloka kwe-lubricant kunye nokutywina ukuguga ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu.
Ubume beqondo lokushisa eliphantsi: Kwindawo yokushisa ephantsi, iindawo zetsimbi zezixhobo zinokuthi zibe buthathaka, kwaye i-viscosity ye-lubricant iya kwanda, echaphazela ukuqala kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo. Izithambiso ezinomgangatho ophantsi wokushisa kufuneka zikhethwe, kwaye zifudunyezwe ngaphambi kokuba izixhobo ziqaliswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sinokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.
Imekobume efumileyo: Kwindawo efumileyo, amacandelo ombane esixhobo achaphazeleka lula kukufuma, okukhokelela ekuncitshisweni kokusebenza kokugquma kunye nokubangela iingozi zombane. Amanyathelo obungqina bomswakama kufuneka athathwe, njengokubeka imichilo yokutywinwa kwamanzi kwi-casing yezixhobo kunye nokufaka i-desiccant kwibhokisi yokulawula umbane. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusebenza kwe-insulation yenkqubo yombane kufuneka kuhlolwe rhoqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko nokuthembeka kwayo.
Ubume bothuli: Kwindawo enothuli, uthuli luya kungena kwisixhobo kwaye luchaphazele ukusebenza kwayo okuqhelekileyo. Kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuthintela uthuli, njengokufakela izixhobo zokucoca kwi-air inlet kunye ne-exhaust port yesixhobo, kunye nokucoca rhoqo uthuli phezu kwesixhobo. Ngelo xesha, izixhobo ezinomsebenzi wokutywinwa kakuhle kufuneka zikhethwe ukukhusela uthuli ekungeneni kwisixhobo.
Imekobume enokutsha nenogqabhuko-dubulo: Kwimeko-bume enokutsha nenoqhushumbo, umbane kunye neenkqubo zoomatshini zezixhobo zinokuvelisa iintlantsi, ezibanga umlilo okanye iingozi zokudubula. Iintambo zombane ezingaqhushumbayo zifanele zikhethwe kwaye zifakwe kwaye zisetyenziswe ngokungqongqo ngokweemfuno zokuthintela uqhushumbo. Ngelo xesha, ukusebenza kokuqhuma kwezixhobo kufuneka kuhlolwe rhoqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ihlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo kunye neenkcukacha.
(II) Amanyathelo okhuseleko
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo kweentambo zombane zombane kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, amanyathelo okukhusela ahambelanayo kufuneka athathwe.
Izixhobo zokukhusela: Faka izixhobo eziyimfuneko zokukhusela kwisixhobo, njengeentsimbi zokulinda, izigqubuthelo zokukhusela, njl., Ukuthintela abasebenzi ukuba baqhagamshelane ngengozi kwiindawo ezihambayo zezixhobo kunye nokuphepha iingozi zokulimala ngoomatshini.
Ukukhuselwa kombane: Thatha amanyathelo okukhusela umbane, njengokufakela izikhuseli zokuvuza, izixhobo zokukhusela umhlaba, njl., Ukuthintela iingozi zombane. Ngexesha elifanayo, qinisekisa ukuba i-wiring yenkqubo yombane iqinile kwaye inokwethenjelwa ukuphepha ukungaphumeleli kombane okubangelwa yi-wiring ekhululekile.
Ukubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo: Faka izixhobo zokubeka iliso kwindawo yokusebenza, njengezinzwa zobushushu, izinzwa zokufuma, izinzwa zogxininiso lothuli, njl.njl., Ukubeka iliso kwiiparamitha zokusingqongileyo ngexesha langempela. Xa iiparamitha zokusingqongileyo zidlula uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza lwezixhobo, thatha amanyathelo ahambelanayo ngexesha, njengokumisa izixhobo kunye nokulungelelanisa iimeko zokusingqongileyo.
Iimpawu ezilumkisayo ngokhuseleko: Misela iimpawu ezicacileyo zokhuseleko kwisixhobo nendawo yokusebenza ukuze ukhumbuze abaqhubi nabasebenzi abasingqongileyo ukuba banikele ingqalelo kukhuseleko. Iimpawu ezilumkisayo kufuneka zibandakanye izilumkiso zokusebenza kwezixhobo, izibhengezo zendawo enobungozi, amanyathelo onyango olungxamisekileyo, njl.

6. Uhlalutyo lwemeko
(I) Ityala loku-1: Ingozi engaphaya kwamandla entambo yombane kwifektri
Xa umzi-mveliso usebenzisa intambo yombane yokunyusela ukuphakamisa izinto ezinzima, umthwalo olinganisiweyo wesixhobo uye wagqithiswa ngenxa yokungakhathali komsebenzisi. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuphakamisa, intambo yocingo yaphuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye into enzima yawa, ibangela umonakalo omkhulu wezixhobo kunye nokulimala.
Uhlalutyo lwesizathu sengozi
Umsebenzisi akafumananga uqeqesho lobuchwephesha kwaye wayengenalwazi ngokhuseleko, okubangele ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo.
Intambo yocingo ayizange ihlolwe ngononophelo ngaphambi kokuba isebenze, kwaye ukuguga kunye nokuqhekeka kwentambo yocingo akuzange kufunyanwe ngexesha.
Isixhobo besingenasithinteli somthwalo esisebenzayo kwaye asikwazanga ukucima umbane xa sigcwele kakhulu.
Amanyathelo okuthintela
Ukuqinisa uqeqesho lokhuseleko lwabasebenzi ukuphucula ulwazi lwabo ngokhuseleko kunye nezakhono zokusebenza.
Ukuthobela ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza kwaye uthintele ukusebenza kokugcwala.
Qwalasela ukunxitywa kwentambo yocingo kwaye ubuyisele iintambo zocingo ezonakalisiweyo ngexesha.
Faka isithinteli somthwalo kwaye ujonge rhoqo uvakalelo kunye nokuthembeka kwayo.
(II) Ityala lesi-2: Umlilo obangelwe kukungaphumeleli kombane kwintambo yombane yentambo kwindawo yokugcina impahla
Xa i-warehouse isebenzisa intambo yombane yokunyuswa kombane, ukuguga kwesiphaluka sombane kwabangela isiphaluka esifutshane, esibangele umlilo kwaye sabangela ilahleko enkulu yepropati.
Uhlalutyo lwesizathu sengozi
Iisekethe zombane kwi-warehouse azizange zihlolwe kwaye zigcinwe ixesha elide, okubangelwa ukuguga kunye nokulimala kweesekethe.
Inkqubo yombane yesixhobo yayingenalo ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lomthwalo kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhusela i-short-circuit.
Indawo yokugcina impahla yayingenazo izixhobo ezaneleyo zokucima umlilo kwaye yasilela ukucima umlilo ngexesha.
Amanyathelo okuthintela
Ukuhlola rhoqo kwaye ugcine iisekethe zombane kwaye utshintshe ukuguga kunye neesekethe ezonakalisiweyo ngexesha.
Faka abakhuseli abagqithisayo kunye nabakhuseli beesekethe ezimfutshane kwinkqubo yombane yesixhobo sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yombane.
Lungiselela indawo yokugcina izinto ezoneleyo zokucima umlilo, kwaye wenze uhlolo rhoqo kwaye ulondoloze ukuqinisekisa ukuba zinokusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ukuqinisa uqeqesho lokhuseleko lomlilo kubaqhubi ukuze baphucule ulwazi lwabo lokuthintela umlilo kunye nokukwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza.

7. Iindlela zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye nethemba lokhuseleko
(I) Ubukrelekrele kunye ne-automation
Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, iintambo zombane zokunyuswa kweentambo ziyaphuhla kwicala lobukrelekrele kunye ne-automation. Iintambo zombane zexesha elizayo ziya kuba nemisebenzi ekrelekrele ngakumbi, njengokubhaqwa komthwalo ozenzekelayo, ukulawulwa kwesantya esizenzekelayo, ukuxilongwa kwempazamo kunye nokulumkisa kwangaphambili, njl.
(II) Izinto ezintsha kunye neenkqubo ezintsha
Ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli emitsha kunye neenkqubo ezintsha kuya kuzisa amathuba amatsha okuphucula ukusebenza kokhuseleko lweentambo zombane. Ngokomzekelo, izixhobo eziphakamileyo kunye nezilula ziya kwenza ukuba izixhobo zibe nzima, ngelixa zinciphisa ubunzima bezixhobo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo. Iinkqubo zokuvelisa eziphucukileyo ziya kuphucula ukuchaneka kokuveliswa kunye nomgangatho wokuhlanganisa iinxalenye kunye namacandelo ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokhuseleko lwezixhobo.
(III) Ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye neenkcukacha
Ngophuhliso lwemveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye nokuphuculwa kweemfuno zokhuseleko, imigangatho yokhuseleko kunye neenkcukacha zeentambo zombane zokuxhoma zombane ziya kuqhubeka ziphucuka. Imigangatho yokhuseleko lwexesha elizayo iya kuba ngqongqo ngakumbi kwaye ineenkcukacha, ibandakanya yonke imiba yoyilo lwezixhobo, ukwenziwa, ukufakela, ukusetyenziswa, ukugcinwa, njl njl. Oku kuya kubangela ukuba amashishini ahlawule ingqalelo engakumbi ekusebenzeni kokhuseleko lwezixhobo kwaye aqinise ulawulo lokhuseleko, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kweengozi zokhuseleko.
(IV) Ukwakhiwa kwenkcubeko yokhuseleko
Ulwakhiwo lwenkcubeko yokhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lwezixhasi zombane zentambo. Amashishini kufuneka omeleze imfundo noqeqesho kubasebenzi ngokhuseleko, akhulise ukuqonda kwabasebenzi ngokhuseleko nokuba noxanduva, kwaye enze umoya wokhuseleko ofanelekileyo. Ngokwakhiwa kwenkcubeko yokhuseleko, abasebenzi baya kuthobela ngokunyanisekileyo iinkqubo zokusebenza zokhuseleko, bathathe inxaxheba ngokusebenzayo kulawulo lokhuseleko, kunye nokudala ngokudibeneyo indawo yokuvelisa ekhuselekileyo.

8. Isiphelo
Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuphakamisa, iintambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwabo kokhuseleko kuhambelana ngqo nokhuseleko lobomi babasebenzi kunye nokhuseleko lwepropathi yamashishini. Eli nqaku lixoxa ngeempawu zokhuseleko lweentambo zombane zombane ezivela kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana noyilo kunye nokuveliswa, ukhuseleko lokusebenza, ukugcinwa kunye nokuhlolwa, kunye nokuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo, kwaye ihlalutya izizathu zeengozi kunye namanyathelo okuthintela ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zangempela. Ngokomeleza ulawulo lokhuseleko lweentambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko asebenzayo, imingcipheko yokhuseleko inokuncitshiswa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokuthembeka kwemisebenzi yoshishino. Kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo, ngokusetyenziswa kobukrelekrele, imathiriyeli entsha, iinkqubo ezintsha, kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nenkcubeko yokhuseleko, ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kweentambo zombane zokuxhoma ngombane kuya kuphuculwa ngakumbi. Sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ngeenzame ezidibeneyo zoluntu luphela, iintambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo ziya kuzisa iinkonzo ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso kwaye zenze igalelo elikhulu ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso loqoqosho.