Zeziphi iimpawu zokhuseleko kwiintambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo?

Zeziphi iimpawu zokhuseleko kwiintambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo?

1. Iimpawu zokhuseleko lwesakhiwo sezixhobo

1.1 Isixhobo sokhuseleko lwehuka
Ikhonkco lentambo yombane yokunyusela yinxalenye ephambili, kwaye isixhobo sayo sokhuseleko sibalulekile.
I-hook idla ngokuxhotyiswa ngesixhobo esichasene ne-unhooking, esinokuthi sithintele ngokufanelekileyo into ukuba ihambe ngengozi ngexesha lokunyusa. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezifanelekileyo, iziganeko zeengozi zezinto ezityibilikayo zinokuncitshiswa ngaphezu kwe-90% xa isixhobo esichasene ne-unhooking sifakwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye sisetyenziswa.
Izinto eziphathekayo kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa i-hook nayo ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lwayo. Izikhonkwane ezikumgangatho ophezulu zenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy ephezulu. Emva kwenkqubo engqongqo yonyango lobushushu, amandla abo okuqina anokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-1000MPa, enokumelana noxinzelelo olukhulu kwaye iqinisekise ukuphakanyiswa okukhuselekileyo kwezinto.
1.2 Intambo yocingo kunye noyilo lwegubu
Intambo yocingo kunye negubu ngamacandelo angundoqo wentambo yombane yokunyusela. Uyilo lwabo kunye nokukhethwa kwabo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni izixhobo.
Ukukhethwa kwentambo yocingo kubalulekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuqhawuka kwentambo yocingo kukuphindaphinda amandla ayo okusebenza. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-hoist yombane enomthamo ophakanyisiweyo we-1 ton, amandla okuqhawula intambo yocingo ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kweetoni ezi-5. Inkqubo yokuguqula intambo yocingo iya kuchaphazela nokusebenza kwayo. Ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokujija eziphambili kunokuphucula ukuguquguquka kunye nokugqoka ukuchasana kwentambo yocingo kunye nokwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo.
Uyilo lwegubu lubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Idayamitha kunye nobude begubu kufuneka buhambelane neenkcukacha zentambo yocingo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba intambo yocingo ayiyi kubhijela ngexesha lenkqubo yokujika. Umphezulu wegubu udla ngokulungiswa ngemijelo ejikelezayo. Olu luyilo lunakho ukukhokela intambo yocingo ukuba ingxwelerhekile, inciphise ukukhuhlana nokuguga phakathi kweentambo zocingo, kwaye iphucule ubomi benkonzo kunye nokhuseleko lwentambo yocingo.

2. Iimpawu zokhuseleko lokusebenza
2.1 Iimfuno zesiqinisekiso soMsebenzi
Umsebenzisi wentambo yombane yokuphakamisa intambo kufuneka abe neziqinisekiso ezihambelanayo kunye nobuchule bokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwesixhobo.
Isiqinisekiso sokufaneleka: Umsebenzisi kufuneka afumane uqeqesho lobungcali kwaye afumane izatifikethi ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza, ezifana nezatifikethi zokusebenza kwesixhobo esikhethekileyo. Ngokwezibalo, izinga lempazamo labaqhubi abafumene uqeqesho lobuchwephesha kwaye babambe isatifikethi singaphezulu kwama-80% ngaphantsi kunabasebenzi abangaqeqeshwanga.
Iimfuno zempilo: Abaqhubi kufuneka babe nempilo enhle kwaye bangabi naziphene kumbono, ukuva, ukukwazi ukuphendula, njl. Umzekelo, abaqhubi abanombono ongaphantsi kwe-0.8 baya kuba nefuthe elikhulu ekukwazini kwabo ukujonga kunye nokugweba imeko yokusebenza kwesixhobo, okulula ukubangela iingozi zokhuseleko.
Iimfuno zamava: Kukwayimfuneko ukuba ube namava athile okusebenza. Abaqhubi abanamava bangakwazi ukulawula izakhono zokusebenza zesixhobo ngobuchule ngakumbi kwaye babone kwaye baphathe iimeko ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Idatha ibonisa ukuba abaqhubi abanamava banokucutha ixesha lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesixhobo ngaphezulu kwe-30% ngokomndilili xa kuthelekiswa nabaqhubi abaqalayo.
2.2 Inkqubo yokuhlolwa kwangaphambili
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili komsebenzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kweentambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkangeleko: Jonga ukuba inkangeleko yesixhobo esonakaliswe ngokucacileyo, ikhubazekile okanye igugile. Umzekelo, khangela ukuba ikhonkco ineentanda okanye i-deformation, nokuba intambo yocingo yaphukile okanye igugile. Ngokutsho kophando olufanelekileyo, ukuhlolwa kwembonakalo kunokufumana ngaphezu kwe-60% yeengxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke kwizixhobo.
Ukuhlolwa kwesixokelelwano sombane: Jonga ukuba isekethi yombane ayilunganga na, ukuba isigqumathelo silungile na, nokuba izinto zombane ezinjengeenjini nezilawuli zisebenza kakuhle na. Ukungaphumeleli kombane sesinye sezizathu ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza ngokungaqhelekanga kwezixhobo. Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo yombane kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iziganeko zokungaphumeleli kombane kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo ye-Braking: Khangela ukuba i-brake inovakalelo kwaye inokwethenjelwa, kwaye ingaba umgama wokunyathela uhlangabezana neemfuno. I-brake iyinxalenye ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umphumo wokuqhawula izixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-hoist yombane kunye nomgangatho wokuphakamisa ukulinganisa kweetoni ezi-5, umgama we-braking kufuneka ulawulwe ngaphakathi kwe-50 mm ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zinokumisa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokunyathela ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo yokuthambisa: Jonga ukuba ingaba inkqubo yokuthambisa yesixhobo isebenza ngokufanelekileyo nokuba kukho ioyile yokuthambisa eyaneleyo kwindawo yokuthambisa. Ukuthambisa okulungileyo kunokunciphisa ukunxitywa kwamacandelo ezixhobo, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo, kwaye kuqinisekise nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwenkqubo yokuthambisa kunokunciphisa ukungaphumeleli kwezixhobo ezibangelwa kukuthanjiswa kakubi kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko nokuthembeka kwezixhobo.

3. Iimpawu zokhuseleko lombane
3.1 Iimfuno zentsebenzo ye-insulation
Ukusebenza kwe-insulation yentambo yombane yentambo yinto ephambili ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabaqhubi kunye nezixhobo.
Ngokombono wemigangatho yelizwe, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-insulation of hoists zombane kufuneka kuhlangabezane nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwezixhobo zombane ezifanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwindawo eyomileyo, ukuxhatshazwa kwayo akufanele kube ngaphantsi kwe-1MΩ, kwaye kwindawo enomswakama, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-insulation akufanele kube ngaphantsi kwe-0.5MΩ ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yombane.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokugquma kubalulekile. Izinto zokugquma ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo iisekethe ezimfutshane zombane kunye neengozi zokuvuza. Okwangoku, ezininzi iintambo zombane zokunyuswa kombane zisebenzisa izinto zokukhusela eziphezulu zokusebenza, ezifana neefilimu ze-polyester, ezine-insulation efanelekileyo kunye nokumelana nokushisa kwaye zinokugcina iziphumo ezizinzileyo zokugquma phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
Uvavanyo lwarhoqo lokusebenza kwe-insulation kubalulekile. Ngokuvavanywa rhoqo kokusebenza kwe-insulation ye-hoists zombane, iingxaki ezifana nokuguga kwe-insulation kunye nokuqhekeka kunokufunyanwa ngexesha, kwaye amanyathelo ahambelanayo anokuthathwa ukuze kulungiswe okanye kufakwe endaweni yazo, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe iingozi zokhuseleko ezibangelwa kukunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-insulation. Ngokwezibalo ezifanelekileyo, izinga lokungaphumeleli kombane kwii-hoists zombane ezivavanyelwa rhoqo ukusebenza kwe-insulation zingaphezulu kwama-60% ngaphantsi kwezixhobo ezingakhange zivavanywe.
3.2 Isixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza
Isixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza sisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokhuseleko lombaneintambo yocingo yokunyusela ombane.
Umsebenzi wesixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza kukunqumla ngokukhawuleza ukunikezelwa kwamandla ngexesha elifutshane xa impazamo yokuvuza isenzeka kwisixhobo sokuthintela umbane ekubangeleni umonakalo kumzimba womntu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isenzo sangoku sesixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza kufuneka sibekwe ngaphantsi kwe-30mA, kwaye ixesha lesenzo kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-0.1 yesibini ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbane unokunqunyulwa ngexesha kwaye ngokufanelekileyo xa ukuvuza kwenzeka ukukhusela ukhuseleko lomntu umqhubi.
Ukuthembeka kwesixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza kubalulekile. Isixhobo esiphakamileyo sokukhusela ukuvuza sinokufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo umqondiso wokuvuza kwaye uphendule ngexesha. Okwangoku, ezinye izixhobo eziphambili zokukhusela ukuvuza kwimarike zisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-elektroniki ephucukileyo kunye nee-algorithms ezikrelekrele, ezinokuthintela ngempumelelo ukusebenza kobuxoki kunye nokusebenza kokuvuza, kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokuchaneka kokhuseleko lokuvuza.
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwesixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza kuyisitshixo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuqhelekileyo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwesixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza kunokufumanisa iingxaki ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nesixhobo, ezifana nokunciphisa uvakalelo, ukudibanisa kakubi, njl., kunye nokulungisa okanye ukubuyisela endaweni ngexesha lokuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza sihlala sikwimeko efanelekileyo yokusebenza. Ngokutsho kophando olufanelekileyo, izinga lokungaphumeleli kwezixhobo zokukhusela ukuvuza rhoqo zigcinwe ngaphezu kwe-70% ephantsi kunaleyo yezixhobo ezingagcinwanga.

4. Ukunciphisa kunye neempawu zokhuseleko lwebhuleki
4.1 Izixhobo zomda ophezulu naphantsi
Izixhobo eziphezulu nezisezantsi zomda wentambo yombane yokunyusela zizinto eziphambili zokuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sisebenza phakathi koluhlu lokuhamba olukhuselekileyo.
Indima yesixhobo somda: Izixhobo zomda ophezulu kunye nezantsi zinokuthi zithintele ngokufanelekileyo i-hook ekugqithiseni uluhlu olukhuselekileyo lokuhamba ngexesha lokusebenza. Xa ikhonkco isondela kumda ongaphezulu okanye osezantsi, isixhobo somda siya kunqumla ngokuzenzekelayo unikezelo lwamandla ukumisa isixhobo ekusebenzeni, ukuphepha ukungqubana phakathi kwehuku kunye negubu okanye umhlaba, ngaloo ndlela ukhusela ukhuseleko lwezixhobo kunye nabaqhubi. Ngokwezibalo, izinga lokwenzeka kweengozi zokungqubana kwehuku lingancitshiswa ngaphezulu kwe-70% ngezixhobo ezisebenzayo eziphezulu nezisezantsi.
Uhlobo kunye nokuchaneka kwesixhobo somda: Zimbini izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zomda: oomatshini kunye ne-elektroniki. Isixhobo somda womatshini siqonda umsebenzi womda ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo somatshini, kwaye isakhiwo saso silula kwaye sinokuthenjwa; isixhobo somda we-elektroniki siqonda umda wolawulo ngokusebenzisa abenzi boluvo kunye neesekethe zombane, kwaye uneenzuzo zokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nesantya sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, isixhobo somda we-elektroniki esisetyenziswe kwiintambo zombane eziphambili zentambo zinokufikelela ukuchaneka kwenqanaba lemilimitha, ezinokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi ukuhamba kwehuku kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo.
4.2 Ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yeziqhoboshi
Inkqubo ye-braking enye yezixhobo ezingundoqo zokhuseleko lwentambo yombane yocingo, kwaye ukuthembeka kwayo kuhambelana ngqo nokusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo.
Uhlobo kunye nokusebenza kwebhuleki: Iintambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo zihlala zisebenzisa iziqhoboshi ze-electromagnetic okanye iibrakes zoomatshini. Iziqhoboshi ze-Electromagnetic zineenzuzo zesantya sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye nesiphumo esihle sokuqhafaza, kwaye zinokubhuleka ngokukhawuleza xa isixhobo sicinyiwe okanye kwimeko kaxakeka; iziqhoboshi zoomatshini zithembele kwizakhiwo zoomatshini ukufezekisa ukunyathela, kwaye zineempawu zesakhiwo esilula kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Nokuba luhlobo luni lwesiqhoboshi olusetyenzisiweyo, umgama wayo wokuqhobosha kunye nexesha lokuqhobosha kufuneka uhlangabezane nemigangatho yokhuseleko efanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-hoist yombane enomlinganiselo wokuphakamisa ukulinganisa kweetoni ezi-3, umgama wayo wokuqhawula kufuneka ulawulwe ngaphakathi kwe-30 mm kunye nexesha lokuqhawula kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana ye-0.2 ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zinokumisa ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza.
Ukugcinwa nokuhlolwa kwenkqubo yokuqhotsa iziqhoboshi: Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kwenkqubo yokuqhobosha kungundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka kwayo. Ukugcinwa kubandakanya ukujonga ukugqoka kwe-brake, ukulungelelanisa ukuchithwa kwe-brake, njl. Ukuhlolwa kufuna uvavanyo olubanzi lwendlela yokusebenza kwenkqubo yokuqhobosha, kuquka nezalathi ezinjengomgama wokuqhobosha, ixesha lokuqhobosha, kunye nokuzinza kwebraking. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezifanelekileyo, izinga lokungaphumeleli kweenkqubo zeziqhoboshi ezihlala zigcinwa kwaye zihlolwa zingaphezulu kwama-85% ngaphantsi kunezo zeenkqubo ezingagcinwanga kwaye zingahlolwa.

5. Iimpawu zokhuseleko lokusebenza

5.1 Ukuthintelwa kokuthambeka kunye nokuthambeka
Ukuthambeka kunye nokutyibilika yindlela yokusebenza eyalelwe ngokungqongqo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweentambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo. Le ndlela yokusebenza ineengozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko.

Uhlalutyo lokunyanzeliswa: Xa uthambeka kwaye ujikela, intambo yocingo yenza i-engile ethile kunye necala elithe nkqo, kwaye ukuxinezeleka kwintambo yocingo kuya kwanda. Ngokomgaqo womsebenzi we-trigonometric, xa i-angle i-degrees ezingama-30, ukunyanzeliswa kwintambo yocingo kuya kwanda malunga ne-17.3%; xa i-angle ifikelela kuma-45 degrees, ukunyanzeliswa kuya kwanda malunga ne-41.4%. Oku kukhula koxinzelelo kuya kubangela uxinzelelo kwintambo yocingo ukuba lugqithise uluhlu lwayo loyilo, olunokubangela lula ukuba intambo yocingo yaphuke kwaye ibangele iingozi zokhuseleko.

Umngcipheko womonakalo wesixhobo: Ukuthambeka kunye nokutyibilika kuya kubangela umonakalo kwezinye iindawo zombane. Umzekelo, iya kubangela amandla asecaleni angaqhelekanga kumacandelo afana negubu kunye nehuku. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kuya kubangela iingxaki ezifana ne-drum deformation kunye nomonakalo we-hook. Ngokwezibalo, iingozi zomonakalo wezixhobo ezibangelwa yi-akhawunti yokunyusa egoso malunga ne-30% yengozi yomonakalo wezixhobo zizonke, ezichaphazela kakhulu ubomi benkonzo kunye nokhuseleko lwezixhobo.
Imeko yengozi: Ingozi ebangelwe kukuphakanyiswa okugoso yenzeke kumzi-mveliso. Xa umqhubi wayephakamisa loo nto inzima, watsala umphezulu wombane ngendlela egoso ukuze kube lula. Ngenxa yoko, intambo yocingo yaphuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye into enzima yawa, yenzakalisa umsebenzi okufutshane, yabangela ingozi enkulu kunye nokulahlekelwa kwezoqoqosho. Le ngozi iphinda isikhumbuza ukuba ukunyuswa okugwenxa kunqatshelwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye umsebenzi wokuphakamisa kufuneka uqhutywe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana neenkqubo zokusebenza.
5.2 Izithintelo ekumisweni nasekuhambeni kwezinto ezinzima
Ngethuba lokusebenza kwentambo yombane yombane, kukho izithintelo eziqinileyo zokhuseleko ekumisweni kunye nokuhamba kwezinto ezinzima. Ezi zithintelo kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo kunye nabasebenzi.
Izithintelo ekumisweni kwezinto ezinzima: Into enzima kufuneka ixhonywe ngokuqinileyo kwi-hook, kwaye indawo yokuxhoma kufuneka ichaneke ukuphepha ukulayishwa kwe-eccentric. Ukuba into enzima ayixhonywanga ngokuqinileyo okanye kukho ukulayishwa kwe-eccentric, ihuku kunye nentambo yocingo ziya kuba phantsi koxinzelelo olungalinganiyo, olunokuthi lukhokelele ngokulula kwiingxaki ezinjengokuguqulwa kwehuku kunye nokuqhawuka kwentambo yocingo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ukugqithiswa kwento enzima kufikelela kwi-20% yomthamo ophakanyisiweyo wokuphakamisa, uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-hook luya kunyuka malunga ne-30%, kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okulimala kwezixhobo kunye neengozi. Ngoko ke, ukunqunyanyiswa kwento enzima kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuphakamisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko.
Izithintelo ekuhambeni kwezinto ezinzima: Ngexesha lokunyusa, isantya kunye nolwalathiso lokuhamba kwezinto ezinzima nazo zithintelwe. Izantya zokuphakamisa nokwehliswa kwe-hoist yombane kufuneka zigcinwe zizinzile, zigweme ngokukhawuleza okanye zicotha kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isantya sokuphakamisa kufuneka silawulwe malunga neemitha ezili-10 ngomzuzu, kwaye isantya sokunciphisa kufuneka silawulwe malunga neemitha ezili-15 ngomzuzu. Isantya esikhawulezayo siya kubangela ukuba into enzima ivelise amandla amakhulu e-inertial, ekulula ukubangela ukuba izixhobo zingalawuleki kunye neengozi. Ngexesha elifanayo, into enzima kufuneka igcine ukunyakaza okuthe nkqo ngexesha lokuhamba ukuze ugweme i-lateral swing. Ukuba into enzima ijika ecaleni, umsebenzi kufuneka umiswe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukuphakamisa kufuneka kuqhutyelwe emva kokuba into enzima izinzile. Ngokutsho kophando olufanelekileyo, iingozi ezibangelwa ngokugqithisileyo kwesantya sokuhamba ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuguquka kwecala lezinto ezinzima malunga ne-25% yenani elipheleleyo leengozi zokuphakamisa, ngoko ke izithintelo zokuhamba kwezinto ezinzima kufuneka zigcinwe ngokungqongqo.
Iimfuno zokhuseleko lomgama: Xa uphakamisa izinto ezinzima, umgama othile wokhuseleko kufuneka ugcinwe. Umgama wokhuseleko ubuncinane imitha eyi-1 kufuneka ugcinwe phakathi kwezinto ezinzima kunye nabasebenzi abajikelezayo, izixhobo kunye nezinye izithintelo zokuthintela izinto ezinzima ukuba zingangqubani nazo ngexesha lokunyakaza, okubangela ukulimala kunye nokulimala kwezixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, kwindawo yokwakha, ngenxa yokuba umqhubi akazange agcine umgama wokhuseleko olwaneleyo, izinto ezinzima eziphakanyisiweyo zingqubuzana ne-scaffolding ekufutshane, ebangela ukuba i-scaffolding idilike kwaye ibangele ukulimala okuninzi. Le ngozi isikhumbuza ukuba kufuneka sihlale siqwalasela umgama wokhuseleko ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphakamisa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomsebenzi wokuphakamisa.

6. Ukugcinwa kunye nokuhlolwa kweempawu zokhuseleko

6.1 Umxholo wokuhlolwa rhoqo
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kweentambo zombane zokuxhoma iintambo, kwaye umxholo wokuhlola ubandakanya iinkalo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.
Uhlolo lwecandelo lolwakhiwo: Jonga ukuba ingaba amalungu angundoqo olwakhiwo anjengamagwegwe, iintambo zocingo, kunye namagubu aneemeko ezingaqhelekanga ezinje ngokonakala, ukuguga, kunye neentanda. Ngokomzekelo, inani leentambo eziphukileyo kwintambo yocingo luphawu olubalulekileyo lokulinganisa ubume bayo bokhuseleko. Xa inani leentambo ezaphukileyo lingaphezulu kwe-10% yenani lilonke leentambo zocingo, kufuneka kutshintshwe intambo yocingo. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezifanelekileyo, uhlolo oluqhelekileyo lwecandelo lolwakhiwo lunokufumanisa kwangexesha ngaphezulu kwe-80% yeengxaki zezixhobo ezinokubakho kwaye zithintele ngokufanelekileyo iingozi zokhuseleko ezibangelwa ngumonakalo wecandelo.
Ukuhlolwa kwesixokelelwano sombane: Jonga ukugquma kunye noqhagamshelwano lweesekethe zombane, kunye nokuba amalungu ombane anjengeenjini, izilawuli, kunye nezitshixo zombane zisebenza kakuhle na. Ukusilela kombane kunokubangela ukulahleka kolawulo okanye iingozi zokuvuza. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwenkqubo yombane kunokunciphisa iziganeko zokungaphumeleli kombane ngaphezu kwe-70% kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo ye-Braking: Jonga ubuntununtunu kunye nokuthembeka kwe-brake, kwaye ulinganise ukuba umgama we-braking uhlangabezana neemfuno. Kwiihosti zombane ezinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokuphakamisa, umgama wokuqhobosha unemigangatho eyahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwii-hoists zombane ezinomlinganiselo wokuphakamisa ukulinganisa kweetoni ezi-2, umgama wokuqhawula kufuneka ulawulwe ngaphakathi kwe-20 mm. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwenkqubo yokuqhoqhobala kunokuqinisekisa ukuba iyakwazi ukuqhobosha ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembekileyo kwimeko engxamisekileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi ezibangelwa kukusilela kweziqhoboshi.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo yokuthambisa: Jonga ukuba iindawo zokuthambisa zesixhobo zineoyile yokuthambisa eyaneleyo nokuba inkqubo yokuthambisa isebenza kakuhle na. Ukuthambisa okulungileyo kunokunciphisa ukunxiba kwecandelo, ukwandisa ubomi besixhobo, kwaye kuqinisekise nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwenkqubo yokuthambisa kunokunciphisa ukungaphumeleli okubangelwa ukuthambisa okungahambi kakuhle kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo.
6.2 Iimfuno zogcino
Ukugcinwa ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yentambo yombane yokunyuswa kwentambo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo ngokukhuselekileyo. Iimfuno zayo ziquka ezi ngongoma zilandelayo.
Ukucoca kunye ne-anti-corrosion: Gcina ubuso besixhobo bucocekile, susa rhoqo ukungcola okufana nothuli kunye neoli, kwaye uthintele izixhobo ekugqithiseni okanye ukubola ngenxa yokuqokelela ukungcola. Kwiindawo zokuxhoma zombane ezisetyenziswa ngaphandle, amanyathelo okunqanda ukubola kufuneka kwakhona athathwe, njengokusebenzisa ipeyinti echasene ne-rust, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo.
Ukutshintshwa kwecandelo kunye nohlengahlengiso: endaweni ngexesha elifanelekileyo amacandelo agqitywe kakhulu, njengeentambo zocingo, iigwegwe, iziqhoboshi, njl. Kwangaxeshanye, lungisa rhoqo amacandelo omatshini wezixhobo, njengokulungelelanisa ukunyanzeliswa kwentambo yocingo, ukukhutshwa kwe-brake, njl., ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo. Ukutshintshwa rhoqo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamacandelo kunokunciphisa izinga lokungaphumeleli kwesixhobo ngaphezu kwe-50%, ukuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukhuseleko lwezixhobo.
I-Lubrication kunye ne-refueling: Ngokweemfuno ze-manuwali yezixhobo, hlala ufaka amafutha kwiindawo zokuthambisa izixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukuthambisa okulungileyo kwesixhobo. Sebenzisa ioli efanelekileyo yokuthambisa, kwaye ubeke ingqalelo ekucocekeni kweoli yokuthambisa ukuthintela ukungcola ukuba kungene kwinkqubo yokuthambisa. Ukuthambisa okulungileyo kunokunciphisa ukunxiba kwecandelo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lwezixhobo.
Ukurekhoda nokugcinwa kweenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo: Ukuseka iirekhodi zogcino lwezixhobo, urekhode umxholo, ixesha neziphumo zohlolo ngalunye, ukugcinwa nokugcinwa kwazo ngokweenkcukacha, kwaye uzigcine kwiinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo. Ngokurekhodwa kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha, kulula ukuqonda imeko yembali yesixhobo, ukubonelela ngereferensi yokulawula kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo, kunye nokunceda ekufumaneni iingxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke kwisixhobo kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuze uzisombulule.

7. Isishwankathelo
Njengesixhobo sokuphakamisa esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, intambo yombane yocingo ineempawu ezininzi zokhuseleko, ezithi ziqinisekise ukhuseleko lwezixhobo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.
Ukusuka kwimbono yezixhobo zokhuseleko lwezakhiwo, isixhobo sokhuseleko lwekhonkco kunye noyilo lwentambo yocingo kunye negubhu zingundoqo. Isixhobo esichasene ne-unhooking esixhotyiswe kwi-hook sinokunciphisa kakhulu iziganeko zeengozi zezinto ezimisiweyo eziwayo. I-alloy-high-high-high-alloy steel material kunye nenkqubo yonyango yokushisa ephezulu iyenza ibe nzima kakhulu kwaye inokuthwala ngokuthembekileyo izinto ezimisiweyo. Ukuqhekeka kwentambo yocingo kuphezulu kakhulu kunoxinzelelo olusebenzayo, kwaye inkqubo yokujija ehamba phambili iphucula ukuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba; uyilo olufanelekileyo lwegubu, elifana nedayamitha efanelekileyo, ubude kunye negroove ejikelezayo, ithintela ngokufanelekileyo umcimbi wokuphazamiseka kwentambo yocingo, yandisa ubomi benkonzo kwaye iphucula ukhuseleko.
Ngokweempawu zokhuseleko lokusebenza, iimfuno zesiqinisekiso somqhubi kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola kwangaphambili zibalulekile. Abaqhubi abaye bafumana uqeqesho lobuchwephesha kunye nezatifikethi zokubamba banesantya esisezantsi kakhulu sempazamo yokusebenza, kwaye abaqhubi abasempilweni nabanamava banokuqinisekisa ngcono ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo. Ukuhlolwa kwembonakalo, ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo yombane, ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo ye-brake kunye nokuhlolwa kwenkqubo yokuthambisa ngaphambi kokuba usebenze unokufumanisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo iingxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke kwisixhobo, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo izinga lokungaphumeleli, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zisebenza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
Kwiimpawu zokhuseleko lombane, ukusebenza kwe-insulation kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ukuvuza kugxininiso. Ukumelana ne-insulation ye-hoist yombane ihlangabezana nemigangatho yelizwe. Izinto zokugquma ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo iisekethe ezimfutshane zombane kunye neengozi zokuvuza. Isixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza sinokunqumla ngokukhawuleza ukunikezelwa kwamandla xa impazamo yokuvuza isenzeka ukukhusela ukhuseleko lomsebenzisi. Ukuthembeka nokugcinwa kwayo rhoqo kubalulekile. Izixhobo eziphakamileyo zokukhusela ukuvuza kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kunokunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokungaphumeleli.
Ngokubhekiselele kumda kunye neempawu zokhuseleko lwe-brake, izixhobo eziphezulu kunye nezantsi ezisezantsi zinokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo i-hook ekugqithiseni uluhlu olukhuselekileyo lokuhamba kunye nokunciphisa iziganeko zeengozi zokungqubana; ukuthembeka kwenkqubo ye-braking kunokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ziyeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhuselekile kwimeko engxamisekileyo. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kwenkqubo ye-braking kunokunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokungaphumeleli kwayo.
Iimpawu zokhuseleko zokusebenza zigxininisa ukubaluleka kokuthintela ukuphakanyiswa okugoso kunye ne-oblique kunye nokumiswa kwezinto ezinzima kunye nezithintelo zokuhamba. Ukunyuswa okugoso kunye ne-oblique kuya kwandisa ukunyanzeliswa kwentambo yocingo, okukhokelela kumonakalo wezixhobo kunye neengozi zokhuseleko, ngelixa ukumiswa okuqinileyo kwezinto ezinzima, isantya esifanelekileyo sokuhamba, ukuhamba ngokuthe nkqo kunye neemfuno zomgama wokhuseleko kunokuphepha ngokufanelekileyo umonakalo wezixhobo kunye nokulimala.
Kugcino kunye neempawu zokhuseleko lokuhlola, uhlolo oluthe gqolo lubandakanya amacandelo ezakhiwo, iisistim zombane, iisistim zebrake kunye neenkqubo zokuthambisa, ezinokuthi zibone ngokukhawuleza iingxaki zezixhobo ezinokwenzeka; iimfuno zokugcinwa zibandakanya ukucocwa kunye nokuchasana nomhlwa, ukutshintshwa kwecandelo kunye nohlengahlengiso, ukuthambisa kunye nokufakwa kwe-refueling, kunye nokugcinwa kweerekhodi kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha. La manyathelo anokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo, ukunciphisa izinga lokungaphumeleli, nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo.
Isishwankathelo, iimpawu zokhuseleko zentambo yombane yokunyusela ziqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo kwimiba emininzi efana nolwakhiwo lwesixhobo, iinkqubo zokusebenza, iinkqubo zombane, iziqhoboshi zomda, imigaqo yokusebenza, kunye nokuhlolwa kokulondolozwa. Ezi mpawu zisebenza kunye ukwenza inkqubo yokhuseleko epheleleyo, enciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ingozi yokhuseleko ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kwaye iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo.