Ukuqinisekisa njani ukhuseleko lweehoists zamakhonkco kwezolimo?

Ukuqinisekisa njani ukhuseleko lweehoists zamakhonkco kwezolimo?

1. Ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa

1.1 Tshekisha ukuthembeka kwesixhobo
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisaikhonkco lekhonkco lezandlakwezolimo, uhlolo olubanzi lwesidima sezixhobo kufuneka lwenziwe. Oku kubandakanya ukujonga ukuba ngaba amacandelo aphambili e-hoist, njengendlu, ikhonkco, i-hook, i-brake, njl., iphelele kwaye ingonakaliswa. Ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza yokhuseleko efanelekileyo, nakuphi na ukuguqulwa, ukuqhekeka okanye umonakalo kuyo nayiphi na indawo yesixhobo kunokukhokelela kwiingozi ezimandundu zokhuseleko. Ngokomzekelo, ikhonkco licandelo eliphambili le-hoist ye-manual chain, kwaye ingqibelelo yayo ibalulekile. Ukuba ikhonkco liyaphuka okanye likhubazekile, linokubangela ukuba into enzima iwe ngokukhawuleza, ibangele abantu ababuleweyo okanye umonakalo wesixhobo. Ngoko ke, ikhonkco nganye yekhonkco kufuneka ihlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho qhosha elingalunganga kwaye akukho ngubo egqithisileyo (inqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukusebenzisa xa i-chain diameter ifika kwi-15%).

1.2 Jonga ikhonkco kunye nehuku
Ikhonkco kunye nekhonkco zizinto eziphambili ze-hoist chain hoist, kwaye isimo sazo sichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lokusetyenziswa. Ikhonkco akufanele iguqulwe okanye isetyenziswe kwi-strand enye, kwaye iqondo lokugqoka ikhonkco kufuneka libe phakathi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo. Ikhonkco kufuneka liqine kwaye lithembeke, ngaphandle kokuguqulwa, ukuqhekeka okanye ukugqoka ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza yokhuseleko, i-hook kufuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza xa ukugqoka kudlula i-10%. Ukongezelela, ukuvulwa kwekhonkco akufanele kudlule i-15% yobukhulu bokuqala, ngaphandle koko ukhuseleko lwayo luya kuncitshiswa. Kumsebenzi wokwenyani, izixhobo zokulinganisa zobungcali kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukujonga ikhonkco kunye nekhonkco ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko zezolimo, ukuba iimveliso zezolimo ezinzima okanye izixhobo kufuneka ziphakanyiswe, ukuthembeka kwekhonkco kunye nekhonkco kubaluleke kakhulu. Nje ukuba kubekho ingxaki, inokubangela ukuba izinto ezinzima ziwe, nto leyo ebangela ukwenzakala okukhulu komntu kunye nelahleko yepropathi.

2. Iimfuno zomsebenzisi

2.1 Uqeqesho lobungcali
Abanini-zithuthi abasebenzisa i-hand chain hoist kwezolimo kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho lobungcali. Umxholo woqeqesho kufuneka ubandakanye imigaqo esisiseko yesixhobo, iinkqubo zokusebenza, izilumkiso zokhuseleko kunye nemilinganiselo yokusabela ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwemigaqo yokhuseleko efanelekileyo, abasebenzi abangakhange balufumane uqeqesho lobuchwephesha abavumelekanga ukuba baqhube i-hoists manual. Uqeqesho kufuneka lubandakanye oku kulandelayo:
Umgaqo wesixhobo kunye nolwakhiwo: AbaSebenzi kufuneka baqonde umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza kwe-hoists ye-manual, kubandakanywa indlela yokuhambisa ikhonkco, indima ye-brake, kunye nendlela yokuthwala umthwalo wehuku. Umzekelo, ukuqonda ukuba ukuxinana kwekhonkco kudluliselwa njani kwi-hook ngokusebenzisa iigiya kunokunceda abaqhubi baphephe ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.
Iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye neenkcukacha: Uqeqesho kufuneka luchaze iinkqubo zokusebenza ngokubanzi, kubandakanywa nendlela yokufakela ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo, indlela yokunyusa kunye nokunciphisa izinto ezinzima, kunye nendlela yokuphepha imisebenzi engakhuselekanga njengokutsala i-oblique kunye nokuphakamisa. Ngokweenkqubo zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo, abaqhubi kufuneka bahlale bezinzile xa betsala ikhonkco kwaye bagweme ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza okanye ukunyusa ukuphepha ukuphepha ukudibanisa ikhonkco okanye ukuphuka.
Amanyathelo okhuseleko: Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka bazi kwaye bathobele ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyuswa kwe-overload kunqatshelwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye ubunzima bokuphakamisa akufanele budlule umthwalo olinganisiweyo wezixhobo. Ukongeza, abaqhubi kufuneka baqonde iimfuno zokusebenza kokhuseleko kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa isetyenziswe kwindawo efumileyo, nikela ingqalelo kwi-insulation yombane ukukhusela ukuvuza.
Amanyathelo okuphendula ngokukhawuleza: Uqeqesho kufuneka lubandakanye imilinganiselo yokusabela ngokukhawuleza, njengokuba abaqhubi kufuneka bathathe njani amanyathelo akhawulezayo ukuphepha ukwenzakala kunye nokulahlekelwa kwepropati xa isixhobo sihluleka okanye izinto ezinzima ziwa. Ngokomzekelo, xa i-jam yekhonkco ifunyenwe, ukusebenza kufuneka kumiswe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye izinto ezinzima kufuneka zifakwe phambi kokugcinwa.

2.2 Ukunxiba izixhobo zokukhusela
Xa usebenzisa i-hoist chain hoist, umqhubi kufuneka anxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi ezinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha lokusebenza. Izixhobo zokukhusela kufuneka zibandakanye kodwa zingaphelelanga koku kulandelayo:
Isigcina-ntloko sokhuseleko: Kwimeko-bume yezolimo, abaqhubi banokujamelana nomngcipheko wokuwa kwezinto ezivela phezulu, njengamasebe, izixhobo, njl.
Iiglavu ezikhuselayo: Xa usebenzisa i-hoist ye-manual chain hoist, izandla zinokuthi zidibane neendawo zetsimbi ezifana namatyathanga kunye neekhonkco, ezivame ukukrazula okanye ukulimala. Ukunxiba iiglavu ezikhuselayo kunokukhusela izandla kunye nokubonelela nokubamba ngcono.
Izihlangu ezichasene ne-Anti-slip: Ngexesha lokusebenza, umqhubi kufuneka ahambe kwaye ame kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Izicathulo ezichasene ne-Anti-slip ziyakwazi ukubonelela kakuhle ukuthintela ukutyibilika, ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezimanzi okanye ezinodaka.
Iiglasi ezikhuselayo: Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuphakamisa, kunokubakho uthuli, i-debris kunye nezinye izitshixo ezinokubangela umonakalo emehlweni. Ukunxiba iiglasi zokukhusela kunokukhusela ngokufanelekileyo amehlo kwaye uphephe ukulimala kwamehlo.
Iindlebe okanye iindlebe: Ukuba indawo yokusebenza iyangxola, njengakwindawo yokusebenzela yomatshini okanye kwifama enkulu, ukunxiba ii-earplugs okanye ii-earmuffs kunokukhusela ukuva kwaye kuthintele ukungeva okubangelwa kukuvezwa kwexesha elide kwindawo engxolo ephezulu.
Ngoqeqesho lobuchwephesha kunye nokunxiba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko, ulwazi ngokhuseleko kunye nezakhono zokusebenza zabaqhubi zinokuphuculwa kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ngempumelelo imingcipheko yokhuseleko xa kusetyenziswa amatsheyina onyuswa ngesandla kwezolimo.

3. Ukulungiswa kwendawo yokusebenza

3.1 Qinisekisa ukhuseleko lwendawo yokusebenza
Xa usebenzisa i-manual chain hoists kwezolimo, ukhuseleko lwendawo yokusebenza lubalulekile. Oku kulandelayo ngamanyathelo aphambili okuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwendawo yokusebenza:
Sula ubutyobo: Indawo yokusebenza kufuneka igcinwe icocekile kwaye yonke inkunkuma enokuthi ithintele ukusebenza okanye ibangele abantu bakhubeke kufuneka isuswe. Umzekelo, kwifama, amatye, amasebe, izixhobo, njl.njl. emhlabeni kufuneka kucocwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba umqhubi unendawo eyaneleyo yokuhamba.
Misa intambo: Misela intambo ecacileyo ejikeleze indawo yokusebenza ukuthintela ukungena kwabasebenzi abangagunyaziswanga. Ngokukodwa xa uphakamisa iimveliso zezolimo ezinzima okanye izixhobo, i-cordon inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo abantu ukuba bangene ngempazamo kwindawo eyingozi.
Qwalasela ukuzinza komhlaba: Umhlaba okwindawo yokusebenza kufuneka uqine kwaye ube mcaba ukuphepha ukugoba kwesixhobo okanye ukutyibilika ngenxa yokuwa komhlaba okanye ukungalingani. Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimi, ukuba umhlaba uthambile kakhulu okanye unodaka, amanyathelo okuqinisa kufuneka athathwe, njengokubeka iipleyiti zetsimbi okanye iipads.
Gwema imozulu embi: Kwiimeko ezimbi zemozulu (ezifana nemimoya enamandla, iimvula ezinkulu, umbane, njl.), i-hoist ye-manual chain hoist kufuneka imiswe. Ngokwemigaqo yokhuseleko echaphazelekayo, imisebenzi yokuphakamisa ayivumelekanga xa amandla omoya edlula inqanaba 6. Imozulu embi ayiyi kwandisa kuphela ubunzima bokusebenza, kodwa inokubangela ukuba isixhobo siphulukane nolawulo okanye sonakaliswe.

3.2 Tshekisha indawo yenkxaso yokunqunyanyiswa
Ukuqina kunye nokuzinza kwendawo yokuxhasa ukumiswa zizinto eziphambili zokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo kwe-hoist chain hoist. Ezi zilandelayo ziimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokukhangela indawo yokuxhasa ukunqunyanyiswa:
Khangela ukuqina kwendawo yokuxhasa: Indawo yokuxhasa i-hoist manual chain hoist kufuneka ibe yomelele kwaye inokwethenjelwa ukumelana nobunzima obupheleleyo bezixhobo kunye nezinto ezinzima. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko zezolimo, ukuba iintsimbi zetsimbi okanye iiplanga zokhuni zisetyenziselwa njengeendawo zokuxhasa, kufuneka zihlolwe ukuqhekeka, ukuguqulwa okanye ukubola. Ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza yokhuseleko, amandla okuthwala indawo yokuxhasa kufuneka ibe ubuncinane amaxesha angama-1.5 umthwalo olinganisiweyo we-hoist manual chain.
Gwema ukutsalwa kwe-oblique kunye nokuphakamisa: Indawo yokuxhasa ukumiswa kufuneka igcinwe ngokuthe nkqo kwi-hook ye-hoist ye-chain chain hoist, kunye ne-oblique yokutsala kunye nokuphakamisa kunqatshelwe ngokungqongqo. Ukutsala i-Oblique kunye nokuphakamisa kuya kubangela amandla angalinganiyo kwikhonkco kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhawula ikhonkco. Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba iziko lobunzima be-hook kunye nobunzima kumgca ofanayo othe nkqo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza.
Khangela inxalenye yokudibanisa yendawo yokuxhasa: Ukuba indawo yokuxhasa igxininiswe nge-welding okanye i-bolting, khangela ukuba inxalenye yokudibanisa iqinile kwaye inokwethenjelwa. Ngokomzekelo, i-welding point kufuneka ingabi naziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka kunye nokungena okungaphelelanga, kwaye iibholiti kufuneka ziqiniswe kwaye zingakhululeki. Ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo, i-torque yokuqinisa iibholithi kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zoyilo.
Khangela indawo yokuxhasa rhoqo: Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, imeko yendawo yokuxhasa ukumiswa kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo, ngakumbi phantsi kokusetyenziswa rhoqo okanye imithwalo enzima. Umzekelo, uhlolo olubanzi kufuneka lwenziwe ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga ukuze kufunyanwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye kujongwane neengozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko.

4. Iinkcukacha zenkqubo yokusebenza

4.1 Thobela amanyathelo okusebenza
Xa usebenzisa i-manual chain hoists kwezolimo, ukulandela ngokungqongqo amanyathelo okusebenza ngundoqo wokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Oku kulandelayo ngamanyathelo okusebenza aneenkcukacha kunye nezilumkiso:
Ukufakela kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo: Xa ufaka i-hoist manual chain hoist, qiniseka ukuba i-center of gravity ye-hook kunye nobunzima kumgca ofanayo othe nkqo ukuphepha ukutsalwa kwe-oblique kunye nokuphakamisa ngenxa yofakelo olungafanelekanga. Emva kokuba ukufakela kugqityiwe, kufuneka kuqhutywe uvavanyo lokujonga ukuba ikhonkco lihamba kakuhle kwaye i-brake iyaguquguquka kwaye inokwethenjelwa. Umzekelo, xa utsala ityathanga, qiniseka ukuba ityathanga alivalwanga kwaye nebrake inokophuka ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ubunzima ukuba bungatyibiliki.
Umsebenzi wokuphakamisa: Ngaphambi kokuba uphakamise, qiniseka ukuba ubunzima bufakwe ngokuchanekileyo kwi-hook kwaye indlela yokuvula ikhonkco ichanekile ukukhusela ubunzima ekutyibilikeni. Xa uphakamisa, umqhubi kufuneka alitsale ityathanga kancinane ukunqanda amandla ngequbuliso ukuphepha ukuminxeka okanye ukuqhawuka kwamatyathanga. Ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza yokhuseleko, ikhonkco kufuneka igcinwe ngokuthe nkqo ngexesha lokuphakanyiswa, kwaye inqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukuguqula ikhonkco okanye ukusebenzisa i-strand enye. Ngokomzekelo, xa uphakamisa iimveliso zezolimo ezinzima, abaqhubi kufuneka bagcine isantya sokusebenza ngokuzinzile ukuze bagweme ukugubha okanye ukuwa kwezinto ezinzima ngenxa yokusebenza ngokungafanelekanga.
Ukuhlala kunye nokulungiswa emoyeni: Xa izinto ezinzima zifuna ukuhlala emoyeni ixesha elide, ikhonkco lesandla kufuneka liboshwe kwikhonkco lokuphakamisa, kwaye intambo yokukhusela kufuneka yongezwe kwizinto ezinzima. Lo mlinganiselo unokuthintela ngempumelelo iingozi zezinto ezinzima ezityibilika ezantsi ngenxa yokusilela kweziqhoboshi. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko zezolimo, ukuba izinto ezinzima zifuna ukuphakanyiswa kwindawo ephakamileyo ukuze kufakwe okanye kugcinwe, intambo yokukhusela inokubonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo lokukhusela izinto ezinzima ukuba ziwele ngengozi.
Umsebenzi wokwehlisa: Xa uthoba izinto ezinzima, ityathanga kufuneka litsalwe kancinane ukuphepha ukukhulula ngokukhawuleza ityathanga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto ezinzima ziwe ngokukhawuleza. Xa izinto ezinzima zisondele emhlabeni, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngakumbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba izinto ezinzima zihlala kakuhle. Ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza yokhuseleko, emva kokunciphisa izinto ezinzima, ikhonkco kunye nekhonkco ye-hoist ye-chain manual kufuneka ikhutshwe ukuze igweme izingozi kwimisebenzi elandelayo.

4.2 Gwema ukulayisha ngaphezulu kunye nokutsalwa kwe-oblique
Ukulayisha ngaphezulu kunye nokutsalwa kwe-oblique zizinto eziqhelekileyo zengozi yokhuseleko lwe-hoists ye-manual kwaye kufuneka ithintelwe ngokungqongqo:
Ukugqithiswa kunqatshelwe ngokungqongqo: Umthwalo olinganisiweyo we-hoist ye-chain chain uchongwa ngokuhambelana noyilo kunye namandla ezinto eziphathekayo. Ukulayisha kakhulu kunokubangela umonakalo wesixhobo kwaye kude kubangele iingozi ezimandundu zokhuseleko. Ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza yokhuseleko, umqhubi kufuneka acacise umthwalo olinganisiweyo wesixhobo ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ubunzima bokuphakamisa abudluli eli xabiso. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umthwalo olinganisiweyo we-hoist ye-manual chain hoist yi-1 ton, kwaye ubunzima bokuphakamisa budlula i-toni ye-1, kunokubangela ukuba ikhonkco liphuke okanye i-hook igxumeke, ibangele ukulimala kunye nomonakalo wezixhobo.
Gwema ukutsala i-oblique kunye nokuphakamisa: Ukutsala i-Oblique kunye nokuphakamisa kuya kubangela amandla angalinganiyo kwikhonkco kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokuphulwa kwekhonkco. Ngokweenkqubo zokusebenza zokhuseleko, i-center of gravity of hook kunye nesisindo kufuneka igcinwe kumgca ofanayo othe nkqo, kwaye ukutsalwa kwe-oblique kunye nokuphakamisa kuvinjelwe ngokungqongqo. Ekusebenzeni okwenyani, ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba iziko lomxhuzulane wehuka kunye nobunzima abukho kumgca othe nkqo, indawo yehuka okanye indlela yokunyuka kobunzima kufuneka ihlengahlengiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lomsebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko zezolimo, ukuba into enzima ngendlela engafanelekanga kufuneka iphakanyiswe, i-hook kufuneka ihambelane neziko lobunzima bento enzima ukuphepha iingozi zokhuseleko ezibangelwa ukunyuswa kwe-oblique.

5. Ukuhlolwa kwesixhobo sokhuseleko

5.1 Qwalasela isiqhoboshi
Ibhuleki sisixhobo esiphambili sokhuseleko kwi-hoists manual chain, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazela ngqo ukhuseleko lwezixhobo. Xa usebenzisa i-manual chain hoists kwezolimo, ukuhlolwa kwe-brake kubalulekile.
Khangela ukuguquguquka kwe-brake: I-brake kufuneka ikwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwizenzo zomqhubi ukuqinisekisa ukunyathela ngexesha elifanelekileyo xa ikhonkco itsalwa. Ngokwemigangatho ekhuselekileyo yokhuseleko, ixesha lokunyathela ibhuleki kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana eyi-0.5. Umzekelo, kumsebenzi wokwenene, umqhubi unokujonga ukuba ibrake iyakwazi ukuqhoboka ngokukhawuleza na ukuthintela into enzima ukuba ingatyibiliki ngokutsala ityathanga ize ilikhulule ngequbuliso.
Jonga ukuthembeka kwebhuleki: Ukuthembeka kwebhuleki ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko. I-friction pad ye-brake kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo ngenxa yokugqoka ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokuba intwasahlobo ikhululekile okanye yonakaliswe. Ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza yokhuseleko, xa ukugqoka kwe-friction pad kudlula i-30% yobunzima bokuqala, kufuneka kuthathelwe indawo ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza, i-elasticity yentwasahlobo kufuneka igcinwe ilungile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-brake inokumelana namandla okubamba okwaneleyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko zezolimo, ukuba i-friction pad ye-brake igugile kakhulu, inokubangela ukuba ibhuleki ingaphumeleli, ibangele ukuba into enzima iwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibangele ingozi yokhuseleko.
Hlola ukulungiswa kwebhuleki: Ukulungelelaniswa kwebhuleki kufuneka kuqinisekise ukuba inokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo phantsi komthwalo olinganisiweyo. Ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo, i-braking force of brake kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana namaxesha angama-1.2 umthwalo olinganisiweyo wezixhobo. Ngexesha lokuhlola, ungalinganisa ukuphakanyiswa komthwalo olinganisiweyo ukujonga ukuba i-brake iyakwazi ukuqhawula ngokuzinzileyo kwaye ithintele into enzima ukuba ihlehle.

5.2 Qwalasela isixhobo esizitshixayo
Isixhobo sokuzitshixa sesinye isixhobo sokhuseleko esibalulekileyo sekhonkco lokunyusela. Iyakwazi ukutshixa ngokuzenzekelayo xa isixhobo singaphumeleli okanye ukusebenza kuphosakele ukukhusela into enzima ukuba ingawi.
Jonga ubuntununtunu besixhobo esizitshixayo: Isixhobo esizitshixayo kufuneka sikwazi ukuphendula kwaye sitshixe ngokukhawuleza xa ikhonkco lingaqhelekanga. Ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo yokhuseleko, ixesha lokuphendula lesixhobo sokuzitshixa kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana eyi-0.3. Umzekelo, ekusebenzeni kokwenyani, ungalinganisa imeko ye-chain jamming okanye ukwaphuka ukujonga ukuba isixhobo esizitshixayo sinokutshixa ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela into enzima ukuba ingawi.
Jonga ukuthembeka kwesixhobo esizitshixayo: Ukuthembeka kwesixhobo esizitshixayo sisitshixo sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Amalungu omatshini wesixhobo esizitshixelayo kufuneka ajongwe rhoqo ukuba akagugi okanye awonakele ukuze aqinisekise ukuba asebenza kakuhle. Ngokweenkqubo zokusebenza zokhuseleko, iindawo zomatshini zesixhobo sokuzitshixa kufuneka zitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza xa ukugqoka kudlula i-20% yobukhulu bokuqala. Ukongeza, amandla okutshixa isixhobo esizitshixayo kufuneka sijongwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba sinokutshixwa ngokuzinzileyo phantsi komthwalo olinganisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko zezolimo, ukuba iindawo zomatshini zesixhobo sokuzitshixa zigqithise kakhulu, kunokubangela ukungaphumeleli kokuzitshixa, okubangela ukuba into enzima iwe ngokukhawuleza, ibangele ingozi yokhuseleko.
Jonga uhlengahlengiso lwesixhobo esizitshixayo: Uhlengahlengiso lwesixhobo esizitshixayo kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba siyakwazi ukuzitshixa xa isixhobo singaqhelekanga. Ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo, amandla okutshixa isixhobo sokuzitshixa kufuneka akwazi ukumelana namaxesha angama-1.5 kumthwalo olinganisiweyo wesixhobo. Ngexesha lokuhlolwa, unokuxelisa imeko engaqhelekanga yesixhobo ukujonga ukuba isixhobo sokuzitshixa sinokutshixwa ngokuzinzileyo ukuthintela ukuwa kwento enzima.

6. Isondlo kunye nenkathalo

6.1 Ukuthambisa rhoqo
Ukuthambisa rhoqo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-hoist chain hoist. I-Lubrication inokunciphisa ingxabano phakathi kwamacandelo afana namatyathanga kunye neegiya, ukunciphisa izinga lokunxiba, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lwezixhobo. Ngokwezikhokelo zogcino ezifanelekileyo, ikhonkco kunye neegiya ze-hoist yetsheyini yezandla kufuneka zithanjiswe rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini. Kwiindawo zezolimo, ngenxa yothuli oluphezulu kunye nokungcola, umjikelo we-lubrication unokufuna ukucuthwa kube kanye ngeveki. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-lubricant efanelekileyo, kwaye imodeli ye-lubricant ekhuthazwa ngumenzi wesixhobo kufuneka ikhethwe. Ngokomzekelo, kwikhonkco, i-lubricant ene-rust kunye nokukhusela i-corrosion kufuneka isetyenziswe ukukhusela ikhonkco ekugwemeni ngenxa yokuvezwa kwexesha elide kwindawo efumileyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthambisa, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-lubricant isetyenziswe ngokulinganayo kwikhonkco ngalinye lekhonkco kunye nezinyo ngalinye lesixhobo. Ukongeza, uvavanyo lovavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe emva kokuthambisa ukujonga ukuba isixhobo sisebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.

6.2 Ukutshekisha rhoqo ukunxitywa kwetsheyini
Ikhonkco yinxalenye ephambili ye-hoist ye-manual chain hoist, kwaye iqondo layo lokugqoka lichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo. Ukujonga rhoqo ukunxiba kwekhonkco ngumlinganiselo ophambili wokuthintela ukusilela kwezixhobo kunye neengozi zokhuseleko. Ngokwemigangatho ekhuselekileyo yokhuseleko, xa i-chain igugile ifikelela kwi-15% yobukhulu bokuqala, ikhonkco kufuneka limiswe kwaye litshintshwe ngokukhawuleza. Kwiimeko zezolimo, ikhonkco inokunxiba ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokusetyenziswa rhoqo kunye nokusebenza komthwalo onzima, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhube uhlolo olucacileyo lokunxiba kanye ngenyanga. Xa kuhlolwa, izixhobo zokulinganisa zobuchwephesha ezifana ne-vernier calipers kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukulinganisa ububanzi bekhonkco kunye nobukhulu bekhonkco lekhonkco. Ukongeza kwi-diameter yokugqoka, ikhonkco kufuneka kwakhona ihlolwe i-deformation, i-cracks okanye i-twisting. Ukuba ikhonkco ifunyenwe i-deformation ecacileyo okanye i-cracks, kufuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza nangona isixa sokugqoka asihambisani nomgangatho. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kweentambo zekhonkco akukwazi ukubona kuphela iingozi ezinokuthi zikhuseleke ngexesha, kodwa kunye nokwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ubomi benkonzo yekhonkco.

7. Amanyathelo onyango olungxamisekileyo

7.1 Unyango lwejam yekhonkco
Xa usebenzisa i-hand chain hoists kwezolimo, i-chain jam yimeko eqhelekileyo yonxunguphalo, kwaye ukuphathwa ngokungafanelekanga kunokubangela umonakalo wesixhobo okanye iingozi zokhuseleko. Oku kulandelayo ngamanyathelo athile okujongana neejam zamatsheyini:
Yeka ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza: Xa i-chain ifunyenwe ukuba igxininiswe, umqhubi kufuneka ayeke ukutsala ikhonkco ngokukhawuleza ukuze agweme ukuphulwa kwekhonkco okanye umonakalo wezixhobo ngenxa yokusebenza ngokunyanzeliswa.
Khangela isizathu se-jam: Ngaphantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, jonga ngokucophelela isizathu esithile se-chain jam. Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo babandakanya ukuphonswa kwekhonkco, ukuxinana komzimba wasemzini, okanye iingxaki zonxibelelwano phakathi kwekhonkco kunye nekhonkco. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko zezolimo, izinto zangaphandle ezifana namasebe kunye nezixhobo zingawela kwikhonkco, zibangele ukuba ikhonkco ibambe.
Izinto zangaphandle ezicocekileyo: Ukuba ikhonkco ibambekile ngenxa yezinto zangaphandle, izinto zangaphandle kufuneka zicocwe ngononophelo. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ezifana neepliers okanye izitshixo ukususa izinto zangaphandle. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucoca, ukhuseleko lomsebenzisi kufuneka luqinisekiswe ukuphepha ukulimala kwezandla ngenxa yokusebenza ngokungafanelekanga.
Lungisa ikhonkco: Ukuba ikhonkco ibambekile ngenxa yokudibanisa ikhonkco okanye uxhulumaniso olungafanelekanga, indawo yekhonkco kufuneka ilungiswe ngononophelo. Qinisekisa ukuba ikhonkco igudileyo kwaye ayiphazamiseki, kwaye uxhulumaniso kunye nekhonkco luqinile kwaye luthembekile. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulungelelanisa, gwema ukusebenzisa amandla angaphandle angaphezulu kwikhonkco ukuze ugweme i-deformation okanye umonakalo kwikhonkco.
Khangela izixhobo: I-jam ye-Chain inokuchaphazela ezinye iindawo zezixhobo, ngoko emva kokucoca izinto zangaphandle okanye ukulungelelanisa ikhonkco, ezinye iindawo zezixhobo kufuneka zihlolwe ngokupheleleyo. Kubandakanya iindawo eziphambili ezifana namatyathanga, iihuku, iziqhoboshi, njl. njl., ukuqinisekisa ukuba azonakaliswa okanye aziqhelekanga. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ezifunyenweyo, kufuneka zilungiswe okanye zitshintshwe ngexesha.
Ukuqhuba uvavanyo: Emva kokugqiba uhlolo olungentla kunye nohlengahlengiso, kufuneka kuqhutywe uvavanyo. Tsala ikhonkco kancinane ukujonga ukuba ikhonkco ligudileyo na kwaye nokuba i-brake isebenza kakuhle na. Ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukungaqhelekanga kufunyenwe ngexesha lovavanyo, umsebenzi kufuneka umiswe ngoko nangoko ukuze uhlolwe kwaye ulungiswe.

7.2 UkuPhathwa kweempazamo kwiZixhobo
Iihosti zekhonkco lezandla zinokufumana ukusilela kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ukuphatha iziphene kwangexesha nangokuchanekileyo ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko nokunciphisa ilahleko. Oku kulandelayo yimilinganiselo ethile yokuphatha iziphene zesixhobo:
Misa ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza: Xa impazamo ifunyenwe kwisixhobo, njengokungaphumeleli kwebhuleki, ukuqhawuka kwekhonkco, okanye ukonakaliswa kwekhonkco, umqhubi kufuneka ayeke ukusebenza kwangoko. Ziphephe iingozi ezimandundu ngakumbi zokhuseleko ezibangelwa kukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezixhobo ezingalunganga.
Cima unikezelo lwamandla (ukuba lukhona): Xa uphethe ukusilela kwesixhobo, ukuba isixhobo siqhagamshelwe kunikezelo lwamandla (njengesinyusi sombane), umbane kufuneka unqunyulwe ngoko nangoko. Oku kunokuthintela ngempumelelo iingozi zombane ezibangelwa kukungaphumeleli kombane.
Misela iimpawu ezilumkisayo: Misa iimpawu ezilumkisayo ezicacileyo malunga nesixhobo esingasebenziyo ukuze uthintele abasebenzi abangafanelekanga ukuba basondele. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko zezolimo, iiteyiphu ezilumkisayo okanye iimpawu zokulumkisa zingasetyenziselwa ukukhumbuza abantu abakufutshane ukuba banikele ingqalelo kukhuseleko.
Khangela unobangela wempazamo: Kwisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, jonga ngononophelo unobangela othile wokungaphumeleli kwezixhobo. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli zibandakanya ukunxiba kwe-brake, ukugqithiswa kwekhonkco, umonakalo we-hook, i-gear jamming, njl.
Qhagamshelana nabasebenzi bolondolozo abaqeqeshiweyo: Ngokusilela kwezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo, kufuneka kuqhagamshelwane nabasebenzi bolondolozo abaqeqeshiweyo ngoko nangoko ukuze kuqhutywe. Abasebenzi bolondolozo abaqeqeshiweyo banamava atyebileyo kunye nobuchule, kwaye banokuxilonga kwaye balungise iimpazamo ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Ngelixa ulinde ukufika kwabasebenzi bolondolozo, isiza kufuneka sikhuselwe ukuthintela ukuba izixhobo ezingalunganga zingasetyenziswa gwenxa.
Ingxelo yempazamo yokurekhoda: Rekhoda ixesha, into eyenzekayo, imbangela kunye nenkqubo yonyango yokusilela kwesixhobo ngokweenkcukacha. Olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu ekuhlalutyeni unobangela wokungaphumeleli, ukuphucula isicwangciso sokugcinwa kwezixhobo, nokuthintela ukungaphumeleli okufanayo ukuba kuphinde kwenzeke. Ngokomzekelo, ngokurekhoda ulwazi oluphosakeleyo, kunokwenzeka ukufumana iingxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke kwisixhobo phantsi kweemeko ezithile okanye iimeko zokusetyenziswa, ukwenzela ukuba kuthathelwe amanyathelo okuthintela ekujoliswe kuwo.
Yenza ukuhlolwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo: Emva kokuba isiphene silungisiwe, izixhobo kufuneka zihlolwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zigcinwe. Kubandakanya ukuthambisa ikhonkco, ukujonga ukunxitywa kwezinto eziphambili ezifana neziqhoboshi kunye neekhonkco. Qinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sinokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokulungiswa ukuphepha ukuphindaphinda ngenxa yeengxaki ezishiyekileyo.