Ndi mbali ziti zachitetezo cha mawaya okwera magetsi?

Ndi mbali ziti zachitetezo cha mawaya okwera magetsi?

1. Zida chitetezo mbali

1.1 Chida chachitetezo cha mbedza
Chingwe cha chingwe chokweza magetsi ndichofunikira kwambiri, ndipo chipangizo chake chotetezera ndichofunikira.
Nthawi zambiri mbedza imakhala ndi chipangizo chotsutsa-unhooking, chomwe chingalepheretse bwino chinthucho kuti chisagwedezeke mwangozi panthawi yokweza. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyenera, zochitika za ngozi za zinthu zomwe zimaterera zimatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 90% pamene chipangizo chotsutsa-unhooking chimayikidwa bwino ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zopangira ndi kupanga mbedza zimakhudzanso chitetezo chake mwachindunji. Makoko apamwamba amapangidwa ndi chitsulo champhamvu cha alloy. Pambuyo pochiza kutentha kwambiri, mphamvu zawo zolimba zimatha kufika kupitirira 1000MPa, zomwe zimatha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino.
1.2 Mapangidwe a zingwe ndi ng'oma
Chingwe chawaya ndi ng'oma ndizomwe zili pachimake cha chingwe chamagetsi chokweza. Mapangidwe awo ndi kusankha kwawo kumathandiza kwambiri pachitetezo cha zida.
Kusankha zingwe zamawaya ndikofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, kuthyoka kwa chingwe chawaya kumakhala mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito kangapo. Mwachitsanzo, pa chokwezera chamagetsi chokhala ndi mphamvu yokweza tani 1, kuthyoka kwa chingwe chake chawaya nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopitilira matani asanu. Njira yopotoka ya chingwe cha waya idzakhudzanso ntchito yake. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopotoka zapamwamba kumatha kusintha kusinthasintha ndi kuvala kukana kwa chingwe cha waya ndikukulitsa moyo wake wautumiki.
Mapangidwe a ng'oma ndi ofunika mofanana. M'mimba mwake ndi kutalika kwa ng'oma ziyenera kufanana ndi momwe chingwecho chimakhalira kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti chingwecho sichidzagwedezeka panthawi yokhotakhota. Pamwamba pa ng'oma nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa ndi ma spiral grooves. Kapangidwe kameneka kakhoza kutsogolera chingwe chawaya kuti chivulale bwino, kuchepetsa kugundana ndi kuvala pakati pa zingwe zamawaya, ndi kupititsa patsogolo moyo wantchito ndi chitetezo cha chingwe chawaya.

2. Zida zotetezera ntchito
2.1 Zofunikira za opareshoni
Wogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chokweza magetsi ayenera kukhala ndi ziyeneretso ndi kuthekera koyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zikuyenda bwino.
Chitsimikizo Choyenera: Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mwaukadaulo ndikupeza ziphaso zoyenera zogwirira ntchito, monga ziphaso zapadera zogwirira ntchito zida. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, chiwopsezo cha opareshoni omwe adalandira maphunziro aukadaulo ndikukhala ndi satifiketi ndiwotsika kuposa 80% kuposa omwe sanaphunzitsidwe.
Zofunikira paumoyo: Ogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi thanzi labwino ndipo alibe chilema pakuwona, kumva, kuchitapo kanthu, ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi masomphenya otsika kuposa 0.8 adzakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa luso lawo loyang'anira ndi kuweruza momwe zida zogwirira ntchito zimagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuyambitsa ngozi zachitetezo.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa: M'pofunikanso kukhala ndi zochitika zina zogwirira ntchito. Ogwiritsa ntchito odziwa bwino amatha kudziwa luso logwiritsa ntchito zidazo mwaluso kwambiri ndikuzindikira ndikuthana ndi zovuta munthawi yake. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito odziwa zambiri amatha kufupikitsa nthawi yakulephera kwa zida ndi 30% pafupifupi poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito novice.
2.2 Ntchito yoyendera isanachitike
Kuyang'anira ntchito isanayambike ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ma waya amagetsi akuyenda bwino.
Kuyang'anira mawonekedwe: Onani ngati mawonekedwe a zida mwachiwonekere awonongeka, opunduka kapena owonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, fufuzani ngati mbedza ili ndi ming'alu kapena kupindika, komanso ngati waya wathyoka kapena watha. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofunikira, kuyang'anira mawonekedwe kumatha kupeza zovuta zopitilira 60% za zida.
Kuyang'anira dongosolo lamagetsi: Onani ngati dera lamagetsi silikuyenda bwino, ngati zotsekera zili bwino, komanso ngati zida zamagetsi monga ma mota ndi zowongolera zikugwira ntchito bwino. Kulephera kwa magetsi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito zida. Kuwunika kwamagetsi amagetsi kumatha kuchepetsa kulephera kwamagetsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zikuyenda bwino.
Kuyang'anira dongosolo la braking: Onani ngati brake ndi yodalirika komanso yodalirika, komanso ngati mtunda wa braking ukukwaniritsa zofunikira. The ananyema ndi chigawo chachikulu kuonetsetsa ntchito otetezeka zida, ndi ntchito yake mwachindunji zimakhudza braking zotsatira za zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, pa chokwezera chamagetsi chokhala ndi mphamvu yokweza matani 5, mtunda wa braking uyenera kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa 50 mm kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zitha kuyima mwachangu panthawi ya braking mwadzidzidzi.
Kuyang'ana kachitidwe ka mafuta: Onani ngati makina opaka mafuta akuyenda bwino komanso ngati pali mafuta okwanira pamalo opaka mafuta. Mafuta abwino amatha kuchepetsa kuvala kwa zida, kuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa zida, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zikuyenda bwino. Kuyang'ana pafupipafupi kwa makina opaka mafuta kumatha kuchepetsa kulephera kwa zida zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mafuta osakwanira komanso kukonza chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa zida.

3. Makhalidwe otetezera magetsi
3.1 Zofunikira pakuchita kwa insulation
Kagwiridwe kake kachitetezo ka chingwe chokwezera magetsi cha waya ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zida.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro amtundu wadziko, kukana kwa insulation yamagetsi amagetsi kuyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo cha zida zamagetsi zoyenera. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo owuma, kukana kwake kutsukidwa sikuyenera kukhala kosachepera 1MΩ, komanso m'malo onyowa, kukana kwachitetezo sikuyenera kukhala kochepera 0.5MΩ kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwamagetsi.
Kusankha zipangizo zotetezera ndizofunika kwambiri. Zida zapamwamba zotchingira zimatha kuteteza bwino mabwalo amfupi amagetsi ndi ngozi zotuluka. Pakalipano, zingwe zambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotetezera kwambiri, monga mafilimu a polyester, omwe ali ndi chitetezo chabwino komanso kukana kutentha ndipo amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zokhazikika pansi pa malo osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito.
Kuyesa kosalekeza kwa ntchito ya insulation ndikofunikira. Kupyolera muyeso wanthawi zonse wa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi onyamula magetsi, zovuta monga kukalamba kwa kutchinjiriza ndi kusweka zimatha kuzindikirika pakapita nthawi, ndipo njira zofananira zitha kuchitidwa kuti zikonzedwe kapena kuzisintha, potero kupewa ngozi zachitetezo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyenera, kulephera kwamagetsi kwa zida zamagetsi zomwe zimayesedwa pafupipafupi kuti zigwire ntchito yotsekera ndizotsika kuposa 60% kuposa zida zomwe sizinayesedwe.
3.2 Chipangizo choteteza kutayikira
Chipangizo choteteza kutayikira ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira pachitetezo chamagetsi chawaya chingwe chokweza magetsi.
Ntchito ya chipangizo choteteza kutayikira ndikudula mwachangu mphamvu yamagetsi munthawi yochepa pomwe vuto la kutayikira limachitika mu zida kuti zida zapano zisawononge thupi la munthu. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zikuchitika pa chipangizo choteteza kutayikira kuyenera kukhala pansi pa 30mA, ndipo nthawi yochitapo iyenera kukhala yochepera 0.1 sekondi kuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi atha kuthetsedwa munthawi yake komanso moyenera pamene kutayikira kumachitika kuteteza chitetezo cha wogwiritsa ntchito.
Kudalirika kwa chipangizo choteteza kutayikira ndikofunikira. Chipangizo chapamwamba choteteza kutayikira chimatha kuzindikira molondola chizindikiro chatsikira ndikuyankha munthawi yake. Pakadali pano, zida zina zodzitchinjiriza zotsogola pamsika zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wamagetsi ndi ma aligorivimu anzeru, omwe amatha kupeweratu ntchito zabodza komanso kutayikira, ndikuwongolera kudalirika komanso kulondola kwachitetezo chambiri.
Kuyang'ana nthawi zonse ndi kukonza chipangizo choteteza kutayikira ndiye chinsinsi chowonetsetsa kuti chikugwira ntchito bwino. Kuyang'ana pafupipafupi ndikuwongolera chida choteteza kutayikira kumatha kupeza zovuta munthawi yake ndi chipangizocho, monga kuchepa kwa chidwi, kusalumikizana bwino, ndi zina zambiri, ndikuchikonza kapena kuchisintha munthawi yake kuti zitsimikizire kuti chipangizo choteteza kutayikira chimakhala bwino nthawi zonse. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofunikira, kulephera kwa zida zodzitetezera zomwe zimasungidwa nthawi zonse ndizotsika kuposa 70% kuposa zida zosasamalidwa.

4. Kuchepetsa ndi kuphwanya chitetezo mbali
4.1 Zida zam'mwamba ndi zochepa
Zipangizo zam'mwamba ndi zam'munsi zam'mwamba za chingwe chamagetsi chamagetsi ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zowonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zimagwira ntchito paulendo wotetezeka.
Udindo wa chipangizo chochepetsera: Zida zam'mwamba ndi zam'munsi zimatha kuteteza mbedza kuti isapitirire maulendo otetezeka panthawi yogwira ntchito. Pamene mbedza ikuyandikira malire apamwamba kapena otsika, chipangizo chochepetsera chidzadula magetsi kuti asiye zida kuti zisamayendetse, kupewa kugundana pakati pa mbedza ndi ng'oma kapena pansi, potero kuteteza chitetezo cha zipangizo ndi ogwira ntchito. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuchuluka kwa zochitika za ngozi zakugunda kwa mbedza zitha kuchepetsedwa ndi 70% ndi zida zogwira ntchito zapamwamba komanso zotsika.
Mtundu ndi kulondola kwa chipangizo chochepetsera: Pali zida ziwiri zomwe zimafanana ndi malire: makina ndi zamagetsi. Makina opangira malire amazindikira ntchito ya malire kudzera mu dongosolo la makina, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta komanso odalirika; chipangizo chamagetsi chamagetsi chimazindikira kuwongolera malire kudzera mu masensa ndi mabwalo amagetsi, ndipo ali ndi ubwino wolondola kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwachangu. Pakalipano, chipangizo chamagetsi chamagetsi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zapamwamba zamagetsi zamagetsi zimatha kukwaniritsa millimeter-level kulondola, zomwe zingathe kuwongolera molondola kuyenda kwa mbedza ndikuonetsetsa kuti zipangizozo zikuyenda bwino.
4.2 Kudalirika kwa ma braking system
Dongosolo la braking ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodzitchinjiriza pazida zamagetsi zama waya, ndipo kudalirika kwake kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi magwiridwe antchito otetezeka a zida.
Mtundu ndi momwe ma brake amagwirira ntchito: Ma waya amagetsi onyamula zingwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mabuleki amagetsi kapena mabuleki amawotchi. Mabuleki a electromagnetic ali ndi mwayi wothamanga mwachangu komanso kuthamanga bwino, ndipo amatha kuswa mwachangu zida zitazimitsidwa kapena mwadzidzidzi; mabuleki amawotchi amadalira zida zamakina kuti akwaniritse braking, ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso odalirika kwambiri. Kaya mtundu wa ananyema ntchito, mtunda wake braking ndi braking nthawi ayenera kukwaniritsa mfundo zofunika chitetezo. Mwachitsanzo, kwa chokwezera chamagetsi chokhala ndi mphamvu yokweza matani 3, mtunda wake wa braking uyenera kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa 30 mm ndipo nthawi ya braking iyenera kukhala yosachepera masekondi 0.2 kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zitha kuyimitsa mwachangu komanso mosatekeseka panthawi ya braking mwadzidzidzi.
Kusamalira ndi kuyang'anira kayendedwe ka braking: Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kayendedwe ka braking ndiye chinsinsi chotsimikizira kudalirika kwake. Kusamalira kumaphatikizanso kuyang'ana kutha kwa brake, kusintha chilolezo cha brake, ndi zina zambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti mabuleki akuyenda bwino. Kuyang'ana kumafuna kuunika mwatsatanetsatane momwe mabuleki amagwirira ntchito, kuphatikiza zizindikiro monga mtunda wa braking, nthawi yobowoleza, komanso kukhazikika kwa braking. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyenera, kulephera kwa ma brake system omwe amasungidwa nthawi zonse ndikuwunikiridwa ndi otsika kuposa 85% kuposa machitidwe omwe samasungidwa ndikuwunikiridwa.

5. Zida zotetezera ntchito

5.1 Kuletsa kupendekeka ndi kupendekeka
Kupendekeka ndi kupendekeka ndi njira yoletsedwa m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamagetsi. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito iyi ili ndi zoopsa zazikulu zachitetezo.

Limbikitsani kusanthula: Mukapendekeka ndi kupendekeka, chingwe chawaya chimapanga ngodya inayake yolunjika, ndipo kulimba kwa chingwe kumawonjezeka. Malinga ndi mfundo ya trigonometric ntchito, pamene ngodya ndi madigiri 30, kukangana pa chingwe waya adzawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 17,3%; pamene ngodya ifika madigiri 45, zovutazo zidzawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 41.4%. Kuchulukana kotereku kupangitsa kuti kupsinjika kwa chingwe cha waya kupitilira kapangidwe kake, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti chingwe cha waya chiduke mosavuta ndikupangitsa ngozi zachitetezo.

Chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa zida: Kupendekeka ndi kupendekeka kudzawononganso mbali zina za chokweza magetsi. Mwachitsanzo, zipangitsa mphamvu yofananira nayo pazigawo monga ng'oma ndi mbedza. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kungayambitse mavuto monga kusinthika kwa ng'oma ndi kuwonongeka kwa mbedza. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, zida zimawononga ngozi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chokweza mokhotakhota pafupifupi 30% yangozi zonse zomwe zidawonongeka, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wautumiki ndi chitetezo cha zida.
Mlandu wangozi: Ngozi yomwe idachitika chifukwa chonyamulira mokhota yachitika pafakitale. Pamene woyendetsa galimotoyo ankanyamula chinthu cholemeracho, ankakoka chonyamulira chamagetsi mokhotakhota kuti chikhale chosavuta. Zotsatira zake, chingwe chawayacho chinaduka mwadzidzidzi, ndipo chinthu cholemeracho chinagwa, kuvulaza wogwira ntchito pafupi, kuvulaza kwambiri ndi kutayika kwachuma. Ngoziyi imatikumbutsanso kuti kukweza kokhota ndikoletsedwa, ndipo ntchito yokwezayi iyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa motsatira njira zogwirira ntchito.
5.2 Zoletsa kuyimitsidwa ndi kuyenda kwa zinthu zolemera
Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chingwe chamagetsi chamagetsi, pali malamulo okhwima otetezera kuyimitsidwa ndi kuyenda kwa zinthu zolemera. Zoletsa izi ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha zida ndi ogwira ntchito.
Zoletsa kuyimitsidwa kwa zinthu zolemetsa: Chinthu cholemeracho chiyenera kupachikidwa mwamphamvu pa mbedza, ndipo malo opachikika ayenera kukhala olondola kuti asatengeke. Ngati chinthu cholemeracho sichinapachikidwa molimba kapena pali malo otsetsereka, mbedza ndi chingwe cha waya zitha kuvutitsidwa mosagwirizana, zomwe zingayambitse zovuta monga kupindika kwa mbedza ndi kuthyoka kwa waya. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kulemetsa kwa chinthu cholemera kufika pa 20% ya mphamvu yokweza mphamvu, kupanikizika kwakukulu pa mbedza kudzawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 30%, ndikuwonjezera kwambiri mwayi wa kuwonongeka kwa zida ndi ngozi. Choncho, kuyimitsidwa kwa chinthu cholemera kuyenera kufufuzidwa mosamala musananyamule kuti muwonetsetse kuti ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za chitetezo.
Kuletsa kuyenda kwa zinthu zolemetsa: Panthawi yokweza, kuthamanga ndi kayendetsedwe ka chinthu cholemera kumaletsedwanso. Kuthamanga ndi kutsika kwa magetsi okwera magetsi kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika, kupewa kuthamanga kwambiri kapena pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, liwiro lokweza liyenera kuyendetsedwa pafupifupi mamita 10 pa mphindi, ndipo liwiro lotsitsa liyenera kuyendetsedwa pafupifupi 15 metres pa mphindi. Kuthamanga kothamanga kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti chinthu cholemeracho chipange mphamvu yaikulu ya inertial, yomwe imakhala yosavuta kuchititsa kuti zipangizo zisasamalidwe ndi ngozi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chinthu cholemeracho chiyenera kukhalabe chosunthika poyenda kuti zisagwedezeke. Ngati chinthu cholemeracho chikugwedezeka chapakati, ntchitoyo iyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndipo kukwezako kuyenera kupitilizidwa chinthu cholemeracho chikakhazikika. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofunikira, ngozi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwambiri kwachangu kapena kugwedezeka kwapambuyo kwa zinthu zolemetsa zimakhala pafupifupi 25% ya kuchuluka kwa ngozi zonyamula, kotero zoletsa kuyenda kwa zinthu zolemetsa ziyenera kuwonedwa mosamalitsa.
Zofunikira patali pachitetezo: Mukanyamula zinthu zolemera, mtunda wina wachitetezo uyeneranso kusungidwa. Mtunda wachitetezo wa osachepera 1 mita uyenera kusungidwa pakati pa zinthu zolemera ndi ogwira ntchito ozungulira, zida ndi zopinga zina kuti zinthu zolemetsa zisagundane nazo panthawi yoyenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuvulala ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida. Mwachitsanzo, pamalo omanga, chifukwa woyendetsayo sanasunge mtunda wokwanira wotetezeka, zinthu zolemetsa zomwe zidakwera zidagundana ndi scaffolding yomwe ili pafupi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti scaffolding igwe ndikuvulaza kangapo. Ngoziyi imatikumbutsa kuti nthawi zonse tiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mtunda wachitetezo panthawi yokweza kuti titsimikizire chitetezo cha ntchito yokweza.

6. Kusamalira ndi kuyang'anitsitsa chitetezo

6.1 Kuwunika pafupipafupi
Kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse ndi njira yofunikira yowonetsetsa kuti ma waya amagetsi akugwira ntchito bwino, ndipo zowunikira zake zimakhala ndi mbali zingapo zofunika.
Kuyang'anira kamangidwe ka zinthu: Onani ngati zida zazikulu monga mbedza, zingwe zamawaya, ndi ng'oma zili ndi zovuta monga kupunduka, kuvala, ndi ming'alu. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa mawaya osweka mu chingwe cha waya ndi chizindikiro chofunikira choyezera momwe chitetezo chake chilili. Pamene chiwerengero cha mawaya osweka chikuposa 10% ya chiwerengero chonse cha zingwe zamawaya, chingwe chawaya chiyenera kusinthidwa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyenera, kuwunika pafupipafupi kwamagulu kumatha kupeza nthawi yake yopitilira 80% yazovuta za zida ndikupewa bwino ngozi zachitetezo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwazinthu.
Kuyang'ana kachitidwe ka magetsi: Yang'anani momwe ma inshuwaransi amayendera ndi kulumikizana kwa ma circuit magetsi, komanso ngati zida zamagetsi monga ma motors, controller, ndi switch switch zikuyenda bwino. Kulephera kwa magetsi kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zida kapena kuwonongeka kwangozi. Kuwunika pafupipafupi kwamagetsi kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kulephera kwamagetsi ndi 70% ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zikuyenda bwino.
Kuwunika kwa mabuleki: Yang'anani kukhudzika ndi kudalirika kwa braking, ndikuyesa ngati mtunda wa braking ukukwaniritsa zofunikira. Kwa ma hoist amagetsi okhala ndi mphamvu zonyamulira zosiyanasiyana, mtunda wa braking uli ndi miyezo yosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kwa ma hoist amagetsi okhala ndi mphamvu yokweza matani 2, mtunda wa braking uyenera kuyendetsedwa mkati mwa 20 mm. Kuwunika pafupipafupi kwa mabuleki kungatsimikizire kuti kumatha kuswa mwachangu komanso modalirika pakagwa ngozi, kuchepetsa ngozi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mabuleki.
Kuyang'anira kachitidwe ka mafuta: Onani ngati malo opaka mafuta a zida ali ndi mafuta okwanira komanso ngati makina opaka mafuta akugwira ntchito bwino. Mafuta abwino amatha kuchepetsa kuvala kwa chigawocho, kuwonjezera moyo wa zida, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti zidazo zimagwira ntchito bwino. Kuyang'ana nthawi zonse kwa makina opaka mafuta kumatha kuchepetsa zolephera zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mafuta osakwanira komanso kukonza chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa zida.
6.2 Zofunikira pakusamalira
Kukonza ndi njira yofunikira yowonjezeretsa moyo wautumiki wa chingwe chokweza magetsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yake ikuyenda bwino. Zofunikira zake zikuphatikizapo mfundo zotsatirazi.
Kuyeretsa ndi kuletsa dzimbiri: Sungani pamwamba pa zida zaukhondo, chotsani nthawi zonse zonyansa monga fumbi ndi mafuta, ndipo pewani zidazo kuti zisatenthe kapena dzimbiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa litsiro. Pazinyalala zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panja, njira zothana ndi dzimbiri ziyenera kuchitidwanso, monga kugwiritsa ntchito utoto woletsa dzimbiri, kuti ziwonjezeke moyo wautumiki wa zida.
chigawo m'malo ndi kusintha: yake m'malo zigawo kwambiri ankavala, monga zingwe waya, mbedza, mabuleki, etc. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zonse kusintha makina zigawo zikuluzikulu za zipangizo, monga kusintha mavuto a chingwe waya, chilolezo cha ananyema, etc., kuonetsetsa ntchito yachibadwa ya zipangizo. Kusintha pafupipafupi komanso kusintha kwa zigawo kumatha kuchepetsa kulephera kwa zida ndi 50%, ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha zida.
Kupaka mafuta ndi kuthira mafuta: Malinga ndi zofunikira za bukhu la zida, onjezerani mafuta pamalo opaka mafuta pazida kuti zitsimikizike kuti zidazo zizikhala bwino. Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta odzola oyenera, ndipo samalani ndi ukhondo wa mafuta opaka mafuta kuti zinthu zonyansa zisalowe m'dongosolo lopaka mafuta. Kupaka mafuta abwino kumatha kuchepetsa kuvala kwazinthu ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo cha zida.
Kujambulitsa ndi kusungitsa zakale: Khazikitsani zolemba zosamalira zida, lembani zomwe zili, nthawi ndi zotsatira za kuwunika kulikonse, kukonza ndi kukonza mwatsatanetsatane, ndikuzisunga. Kupyolera mu kujambula ndi kusungitsa zakale, ndizosavuta kumvetsetsa mbiri yakale ya zida, kupereka zofotokozera za kasamalidwe ndi kasamalidwe ka zida, komanso kuthandizira kupeza zovuta zomwe zingachitike pazida ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse.

7. Mwachidule
Monga zida zonyamulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chingwe chamagetsi cha waya chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zotetezera, zomwe pamodzi zimatsimikizira chitetezo cha zida pakugwiritsa ntchito.
Kuchokera pamawonekedwe a zida zotetezera chitetezo, chipangizo chachitetezo cha mbedza ndi mapangidwe a chingwe cha waya ndi ng'oma ndizofunikira. Chipangizo chotsutsa-kutsegula chokhala ndi mbedza chingathe kuchepetsa kwambiri zochitika za ngozi za zinthu zomwe zaimitsidwa zikugwa. Zida zake zachitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri komanso njira yochiritsira yotentha kwambiri imapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri ndipo imatha kunyamula zinthu zoyimitsidwa modalirika. Kuphwanyidwa kwa chingwe cha waya ndikwambiri kuposa kugwirira ntchito, ndipo njira yopotoka yotsogola imapangitsa kusinthasintha kwake komanso kukana kuvala; kamangidwe koyenera ka ng'oma, monga m'mimba mwake yoyenera, kutalika ndi groove yozungulira, imapewa bwino vuto la vuto la chingwe cha waya, kumatalikitsa moyo wautumiki ndikuwongolera chitetezo.
Pankhani yachitetezo cha magwiridwe antchito, zofunikira zoyezetsa wogwiritsa ntchito komanso njira zowunikira zisanachitike ndizofunikira. Ogwira ntchito omwe aphunzitsidwa zaukadaulo komanso kukhala ndi ziphaso ali ndi cholakwika chochepa kwambiri, ndipo ogwira ntchito athanzi komanso odziwa zambiri amatha kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zikuyenda bwino. Kuyang'anira mawonekedwe, kuyang'anira dongosolo lamagetsi, kuyang'anira ma brake system ndi kuyang'anira dongosolo lamafuta musanayambe kugwira ntchito kumatha kuzindikira zovuta zomwe zingayambitse zida, kuchepetsa kulephera bwino, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zimagwira ntchito bwino.
M'makhalidwe achitetezo amagetsi, magwiridwe antchito achitetezo ndi zida zoteteza kutayikira ndizoyang'ana kwambiri. Kukaniza kwa insulation ya chokwezera magetsi kumakwaniritsa miyezo yadziko. Zida zapamwamba zotchingira ndi kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse zimatha kuteteza mabwalo amfupi amagetsi ndi ngozi zotuluka. Chipangizo choteteza kutayikira chimatha kuletsa mphamvu zamagetsi mwachangu pamene vuto la kutayikira likuchitika kuti ateteze chitetezo cha woyendetsa. Kudalilika kwake komanso kukonza nthawi zonse ndikofunikira. Zida zapamwamba zoteteza kutayikira komanso kukonza pafupipafupi kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kulephera.
Pankhani ya malire ndi chitetezo cha brake, zida zam'mwamba ndi zam'munsi zimatha kuletsa mbedza kupitilira maulendo otetezeka ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ngozi zakugunda; kudalirika kwa braking system kungatsimikizire kuti zidazo zimasiya mwachangu komanso mosatekeseka pakagwa mwadzidzidzi. Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kayendedwe ka braking kungachepetse kwambiri kulephera kwake.
Makhalidwe achitetezo ogwirira ntchito akugogomezera kufunikira koletsa kukweza kokhota ndi kokhotakhota komanso kuyimitsa zinthu zolemetsa ndi zoletsa kuyenda. Kukweza kokhotakhota ndi oblique kudzawonjezera kusagwirizana kwa chingwe cha waya, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa zida ndi ngozi zachitetezo, pomwe kuyimitsidwa kolimba kwa zinthu zolemetsa, liwiro loyenda bwino, kuyenda kosunthika komanso zofunikira za mtunda wachitetezo zitha kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zida ndi ovulala.
Pokonza ndi kuyang'anira chitetezo, kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kumakhudza zigawo zamapangidwe, machitidwe a magetsi, ma brake systems ndi mafuta odzola, omwe amatha kuzindikira mwamsanga mavuto omwe angakhalepo; Zofunikira pakukonza zikuphatikiza kuyeretsa ndi kuletsa dzimbiri, kusintha chigawocho ndikusintha, kuthira mafuta ndi kuthira mafuta, ndikusunga zolemba ndikusunga zakale. Njirazi zitha kukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa zida, kuchepetsa kulephera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zikuyenda bwino.
Mwachidule, mawonekedwe achitetezo a chingwe chokwezera magetsi amatsimikiziridwa kwathunthu kuchokera kuzinthu zingapo monga kapangidwe ka zida, njira zogwirira ntchito, makina amagetsi, mabuleki ochepera, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito, komanso kuyang'anira kukonza. Zinthuzi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zikhale ndi chitetezo chokwanira, chomwe chimachepetsa bwino kuopsa kwa chitetezo pakugwiritsa ntchito zida ndikuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito ndi zida.