Dab tsi yog qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov hlua hluav taws xob hoists?

Dab tsi yog qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov hlua hluav taws xob hoists?

1. Cov khoom siv kev ruaj ntseg nta

1.1 Hook kev ruaj ntseg ntaus ntawv
Kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlua hluav taws xob hoist yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab nws cov cuab yeej kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Tus nuv feem ntau yog nruab nrog cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kev tsis sib haum, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom kom tsis txhob ntog thaum lub sijhawm nqa. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom sib tsoo tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm ntau dua 90% thaum cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo raug teeb tsa thiab siv tau zoo.
Cov khoom siv thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm tus nuv kuj ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev nyab xeeb. High-quality hooks yog ua los ntawm high-strength alloy steel. Tom qab cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov nruj, lawv lub zog tensile tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 1000MPa, uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov nruj dua thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev nqa khoom.
1.2 Hlau hlua thiab nruas tsim
Cov hlua hlau thiab nruas yog cov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlua hlua hluav taws xob hoist. Lawv tsim thiab xaiv ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv.
Kev xaiv cov hlua hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Feem ntau hais lus, lub zog tawg ntawm txoj hlua hlau yog ob peb zaug nws lub zog ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, rau ib qho hluav taws xob hoist nrog lub peev xwm nqa ntawm 1 tuj, lub zog tawg ntawm nws cov hlua hlau feem ntau yog ntau tshaj 5 tons. Cov txheej txheem twisting ntawm cov hlua hlau tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo. Kev siv cov txheej txheem twisting siab tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov yooj yim thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov hlua hlau thiab txuas ntxiv nws lub neej kev pabcuam.
Kev tsim ntawm lub nruas yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug. Txoj kab uas hla thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub nruas yuav tsum sib phim cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlua hlau kom ntseeg tau tias cov hlua hlau yuav tsis tangled thaum lub sij hawm winding txheej txheem. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub nruas yog feem ntau ua tiav nrog kauv grooves. Qhov kev tsim no tuaj yeem coj txoj hlua hlau kom raug mob kom zoo, txo kev sib txhuam thiab hnav ntawm cov hlua hlau, thiab txhim kho txoj kev pab cuam lub neej thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov hlua hlau.

2. Kev ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg nta
2.1 Tus neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua
Tus neeg teb xov tooj ntawm txoj hlua hluav taws xob hoist yuav tsum muaj cov txuj ci sib xws thiab muaj peev xwm los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv.
Daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog: Tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia kev tshaj lij thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj kev ua haujlwm, xws li cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb daim ntawv pov thawj kev ua haujlwm. Raws li kev txheeb cais, qhov yuam kev ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais kev cob qhia thiab tuav daim ntawv pov thawj yog ntau dua 80% qis dua li cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tau txais kev cob qhia.
Cov kev xav tau kev noj qab haus huv: Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj kev noj qab haus huv zoo thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub zeem muag, kev hnov ​​​​lus, kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog lub zeem muag qis dua 0.8 yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau lawv lub peev xwm los soj ntsuam thiab txiav txim rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv, uas yooj yim ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Cov kev xav tau kev paub: Nws tseem yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev ua haujlwm. Cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog tuaj yeem paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo dua thiab kuaj xyuas thiab tswj cov xwm txheej txawv txav raws sijhawm. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog tuaj yeem txo cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm ntau dua 30% ntawm qhov nruab nrab piv nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm tshiab.
2.2 Cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas ua ntej
Kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej ua haujlwm yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg ntawm cov hlua hluav taws xob hoists.
Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tshwm sim: Tshawb xyuas seb cov khoom siv puas pom tseeb puas, deformed lossis hnav. Piv txwv li, xyuas seb tus nuv puas muaj cov kab nrib pleb lossis deformation, thiab seb cov hlua hlau puas tawg lossis hnav. Raws li kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tuaj yeem pom ntau dua 60% ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv.
Kev tshuaj xyuas hluav taws xob: Tshawb xyuas seb lub tshuab hluav taws xob puas zoo, puas yog lub rwb thaiv tsev zoo, thiab seb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li lub cev muaj zog thiab cov tswj tau ua haujlwm zoo. Hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Kev kuaj xyuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm thiab xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv.
Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov system braking: xyuas seb tus nres puas yog rhiab heev thiab txhim khu kev qha, thiab seb lub braking nrug raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Lub nres yog ib feem tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias kev ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, thiab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv braking. Piv txwv li, rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas muaj peev xwm nqa tau ntawm 5 tons, lub braking nrug yuav tsum tau tswj nyob rau hauv 50 mm los xyuas kom meej tias cov cuab yeej yuav nres sai sai thaum muaj xwm ceev braking.
Lubrication system soj ntsuam: xyuas seb lub lubrication system ntawm cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm zoo thiab seb puas muaj cov roj lubricating txaus ntawm lub lubrication point. Lub lubrication zoo tuaj yeem txo qhov hnav ntawm cov khoom siv, txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov cuab yeej, thiab tseem ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua ntawm lub tshuab lubrication tuaj yeem txo cov khoom siv tsis zoo los ntawm lubrication tsis zoo thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom siv.

3. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob
3.1 Rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo
Kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov hlua hluav taws xob hoist yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv.
Los ntawm cov kev xav ntawm lub teb chaws cov qauv, cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam ntawm hluav taws xob hoists yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig qhuav, nws cov rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 1MΩ, thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntub dej, qhov rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg tshaj li 0.5MΩ los xyuas kom meej qhov kev nyab xeeb thiab kev cia siab ntawm cov hluav taws xob system.
Kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv insulating yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo insulating tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hluav taws xob luv luv thiab kev sib tsoo. Tam sim no, ntau cov hlua hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, xws li polyester zaj duab xis, uas muaj cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo thiab kub tsis kam thiab tuaj yeem tswj cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm sib txawv.
Kev ntsuas tsis tu ncua ntawm kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev yog qhov tseem ceeb. Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam tsis tu ncua ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm hluav taws xob hoists, teeb meem xws li rwb thaiv tsev laus thiab tawg tuaj yeem tshawb pom nyob rau lub sijhawm, thiab cov kev ntsuas sib raug tuaj yeem raug coj los kho lossis hloov lawv, yog li zam kev nyab xeeb kev raug mob los ntawm kev txo cov rwb thaiv tsev. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, qhov hluav taws xob tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm cov hluav taws xob hoists uas niaj hnub sim rau kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev yog ntau dua 60% qis dua cov khoom siv uas tsis tau sim.
3.2 Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv dej
Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv to yog ib qho tseem ceeb lav rau hluav taws xob kev nyab xeeb ntawmhlau hlua hluav taws xob hoists.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov dej xau yog kom txiav tawm lub hwj chim sai sai hauv lub sijhawm luv luv thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv tam sim no los ntawm kev ua phem rau tib neeg lub cev. Feem ntau hais lus, qhov kev txiav txim tam sim no ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv tawm yuav tsum tau teeb tsa hauv qab 30mA, thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.1 vib nas this kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug txiav tawm hauv lub sijhawm thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv tus kheej kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj.
Kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv cov dej xau yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov dej xau zoo tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov teeb liab xau thiab teb raws sijhawm. Tam sim no, qee cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv siab heev ntawm kev ua lag luam siv cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws thiab cov tswv yim ntse, uas tuaj yeem zam kev ua haujlwm tsis raug thiab kev ua haujlwm tawm, thiab txhim kho kev ntseeg tau thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv to.
Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab kev saib xyuas cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov pa tawm yog tus yuam sij kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua haujlwm li qub. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab kev saib xyuas cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov dej xau tuaj yeem tshawb pom cov teeb meem ntawm lub sijhawm, xws li txo qis, kev sib cuag tsis zoo, thiab lwm yam, thiab kho lossis hloov nws raws sijhawm kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom tiv thaiv cov dej xau yog ib txwm ua haujlwm zoo. Raws li kev tshawb fawb muaj feem xyuam, qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua yog ntau dua 70% qis dua li cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua.

4. txwv thiab nres kev nyab xeeb nta
4.1 Cov khoom siv sab saud thiab qis qis
Cov khoom siv sab sauv thiab qis qis ntawm cov hlua hlua hluav taws xob hoist yog cov khoom tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev nyab xeeb kev mus ncig.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej txwv: Cov khoom siv sab saud thiab qis qis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov sib txuas kom tsis txhob dhau qhov kev nyab xeeb mus txawv tebchaws thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Thaum tus nuv mus txog rau sab sauv lossis qis qis, lub cuab yeej txwv yuav txiav tawm lub hwj huam mov kom nres cov khoom siv khiav, tsis txhob sib tsoo ntawm tus nuv thiab lub nruas lossis hauv av, yog li tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Raws li kev txheeb cais, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo sib tsoo tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm ntau dua 70% nrog cov cuab yeej siv siab thiab qis qis.
Hom thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov cuab yeej txwv: Muaj ob hom kev txwv cov khoom siv: tshuab thiab hluav taws xob. Lub tshuab txwv tsis pub siv tshuab paub txog qhov txwv tsis pub dhau los ntawm cov qauv siv tshuab, thiab nws cov qauv yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha; cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txwv kom paub txog kev txwv kev tswj los ntawm cov sensors thiab hluav taws xob circuits, thiab muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov raug siab thiab cov lus teb ceev ceev. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txwv siv nyob rau hauv qib siab hlau hlua hluav taws xob hoists tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov tseeb millimeter-theem, uas tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov kev mus los ntawm tus nuv thiab xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv.
4.2 Kev ntseeg tau ntawm lub braking system
Lub braking system yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov hlau hlua hluav taws xob hoist, thiab nws txoj kev ntseeg tau ncaj qha ntsig txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv.
Hom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus nres: Hlau hlua hluav taws xob hoists feem ntau siv electromagnetic brakes lossis mechanical brakes. Electromagnetic brakes muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov lus teb ceev ceev thiab zoo braking effect, thiab tuaj yeem nres sai sai thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawm lossis thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev; mechanical brakes cia siab rau cov khoom siv tshuab kom ua tiav braking, thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv yooj yim thiab kev ntseeg siab. Txawm hais tias hom nres siv, nws qhov kev ncua deb thiab lub sijhawm nres yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb. Piv txwv li, rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog lub peev xwm nqa tau ntawm 3 tons, nws qhov kev sib tsoo yuav tsum tau tswj tsis pub dhau 30 hli thiab lub sijhawm nres yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.2 vib nas this kom ntseeg tau tias cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem nres sai thiab nyab xeeb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.
Kev tu thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub braking system: Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub braking system yog tus yuam sij kom ntseeg tau nws txoj kev ntseeg siab. Kev saib xyuas suav nrog kev kuaj xyuas qhov hnav ntawm tus nres, kho tus nres tshem tawm, thiab lwm yam. Kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub braking system, nrog rau cov ntsuas xws li braking nrug, braking lub sij hawm, thiab braking stability. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, qhov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tshuab nres uas tsis tu ncua thiab tshuaj xyuas yog ntau dua 85% qis dua li cov tshuab uas tsis tau tswj xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas.

5. Kev ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg nta

5.1 txwv tsis pub tilting thiab slanting
Tilting thiab slanting yog ib qho kev txwv nruj heev thaum siv cov hlua hluav taws xob hoists. Txoj kev ua haujlwm no muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo heev.

Kev tsom xam quab yuam: Thaum tilting thiab slanting, cov hlua hlau ua ib lub kaum ntse ntse nrog txoj kev ntsug, thiab qhov nro ntawm txoj hlua hlau yuav nce. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm trigonometric muaj nuj nqi, thaum lub kaum sab xis yog 30 degrees, qhov nro ntawm txoj hlua hlau yuav nce li ntawm 17.3%; Thaum lub kaum sab xis ncav cuag 45 degrees, qhov nro yuav nce li ntawm 41.4%. Qhov kev sib zog ntxiv no yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm txoj hlua hlau kom dhau nws qhov kev tsim ntau yam, uas yuav yooj yim ua rau cov hlua hlau tawg thiab ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov cuab yeej: Tilting thiab slanting yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lwm qhov ntawm lub hoist. Piv txwv li, nws yuav ua rau lub zog txawv txav ntawm cov khoom xws li lub nruas thiab nuv. Kev siv mus ntev yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li lub nruas deformation thiab kev sib tsoo puas. Raws li kev txheeb cais, cov khoom siv puas tsuaj tshwm sim los ntawm crooked lifting account rau txog 30% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom puas tsuaj, uas cuam tshuam rau lub neej kev pab cuam thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom.
Cov xwm txheej xwm txheej: Ib qho xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqa nqa nqa tau tshwm sim hauv lub hoobkas. Thaum tus neeg teb xov tooj tau nqa cov khoom hnyav, nws rub lub tshuab hluav taws xob hoist crookedly kom yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, txoj hlua hlau tam sim ntawd tsoo, thiab cov khoom hnyav poob, ua rau ib tus neeg ua haujlwm raug mob, ua rau raug mob hnyav thiab nyiaj txiag poob. Qhov kev huam yuaj no rov ua rau peb nco ntsoov tias kev nqa nqa nqa tsis nruj nruj, thiab kev nqa nqa yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis raws li cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.
5.2 Kev txwv rau kev ncua thiab txav ntawm cov khoom hnyav
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm txoj hlua hluav taws xob hoist, muaj kev txwv nruj rau kev ncua thiab txav ntawm cov khoom hnyav. Cov kev txwv no yog los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Kev txwv ntawm kev ncua ntawm cov khoom hnyav: Cov khoom hnyav yuav tsum tau ruaj khov rau ntawm tus nuv, thiab txoj hlua dai yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb kom tsis txhob eccentric loading. Yog tias cov khoom hnyav tsis ruaj khov lossis tsis muaj kev thauj khoom eccentric, txoj hlua khi thiab hlua hlau yuav raug rau qhov tsis sib xws, uas yuav yooj yim ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li nuv deformation thiab hlau hlua tawg. Piv txwv li, thaum lub overload ntawm cov khoom hnyav nce mus txog 20% ​​ntawm qhov ntsuas lifting muaj peev xwm, qhov siab tshaj plaws nro ntawm tus nuv yuav nce li ntawm 30%, zoo heev ua rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom puas tsuaj thiab xwm txheej. Yog li ntawd, kev ncua ntawm cov khoom hnyav yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xyuas ua ntej nqa kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Kev txwv kev txav ntawm cov khoom hnyav: Thaum lub sij hawm nqa cov txheej txheem, kev ceev thiab kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav ntawm cov khoom hnyav kuj raug txwv. Kev nqa thiab txo qis ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hoist yuav tsum ruaj khov, tsis txhob nrawm dhau los yog qeeb dhau. Feem ntau hais lus, lub lifting ceev yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm li 10 meters ib feeb, thiab kev txo qis yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm li 15 meters ib feeb. Kev ceev nrawm dhau yuav ua rau cov khoom hnyav ua kom muaj zog inertial loj, uas yooj yim ua rau cov cuab yeej tawm ntawm kev tswj thiab kev sib tsoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom hnyav yuav tsum tuav lub zog ntsug thaum lub sijhawm txav mus los kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam sab nraud. Yog tias cov khoom hnyav txav mus tom qab, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau nres tam sim ntawd thiab kev nqa yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv tom qab cov khoom hnyav ruaj khov. Raws li kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb, cov xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm kev txav nrawm dhau los lossis lub viav vias sab nraud ntawm cov khoom hnyav suav txog li 25% ntawm tag nrho cov xwm txheej nqa, yog li kev txwv ntawm kev txav ntawm cov khoom hnyav yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis.
Kev ruaj ntseg nyob deb li cas: Thaum nqa cov khoom hnyav, ib qho kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov deb tsawg kawg yog 1 meter yuav tsum tau khaws cia nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom hnyav thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob ib puag ncig, cov khoom siv thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv cov khoom hnyav los ntawm kev sib tsoo nrog lawv thaum txav mus los, ua rau cov neeg raug mob thiab cov khoom puas tsuaj. Piv txwv li, ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, vim tias tus neeg teb xov tooj tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus, cov khoom hnyav hoisted tau sib tsoo nrog scaffolding nyob ze, ua rau lub scaffolding tawg thiab ua rau ntau yam raug mob. Qhov kev huam yuaj no ua rau peb nco ntsoov tias peb yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov kev ncua deb thaum lub sij hawm nqa cov txheej txheem los xyuas kom meej qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev nqa khoom.

6. Kev tu thiab tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nyab xeeb

6.1 Cov ntsiab lus tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua
Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov hlua hluav taws xob hoists, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus tshuaj xyuas suav nrog ntau yam tseem ceeb.
Kev tshuaj xyuas tus qauv: xyuas seb cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li hooks, hlua hlua, thiab nruas puas muaj qhov txawv txav xws li deformation, hnav, thiab tawg. Piv txwv li, tus naj npawb ntawm cov xov hlau tawg hauv cov hlua hlau yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb los ntsuas nws txoj kev nyab xeeb. Thaum tus naj npawb ntawm cov xov hlau tawg tshaj 10% ntawm tag nrho cov xov hlau hlua, cov hlua hlau yuav tsum tau hloov. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, kev tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem tshawb pom ntau dua 80% ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm teeb meem thiab ua kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Kev tshuaj xyuas hluav taws xob: Tshawb xyuas cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev sib cuag ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thiab seb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li lub cev muaj zog, cov tswj, thiab cov kev txwv tsis pub hloov pauv puas ua haujlwm zoo. Hluav taws xob tsis ua hauj lwm tej zaum yuav ua rau cov cuab yeej poob ntawm kev tswj los yog kev sib tsoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm ntau dua 70% thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv.
Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov system braking: Tshawb xyuas qhov rhiab heev thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm tus nres, thiab ntsuas seb lub braking nrug raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Rau cov hluav taws xob hoists nrog cov ntsuas ntsuas sib txawv, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub braking muaj cov qauv sib txawv. Piv txwv li, rau hluav taws xob hoists nrog lub peev xwm nqa tau ntawm 2 tons, qhov kev ncua deb yuav tsum tswj tsis pub dhau 20 hli. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua ntawm lub braking system tuaj yeem xyuas kom meej tias nws tuaj yeem nres tau sai thiab ntseeg tau thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib tsoo los ntawm kev nres nres.
Lubrication system soj ntsuam: xyuas seb lub lubrication cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj cov roj lubricating txaus thiab seb lub lubrication system puas ua haujlwm zoo. Lub lubrication zoo tuaj yeem txo cov khoom hnav, ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab tseem ua kom cov khoom siv ua haujlwm zoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua ntawm lub tshuab lubrication tuaj yeem txo qhov ua tsis tiav los ntawm lubrication tsis zoo thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom siv.
6.2 Cov kev cai tu
Kev saib xyuas yog ib qho kev ntsuas tseem ceeb los txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov hlua hluav taws xob hoist thiab xyuas kom nws muaj kev nyab xeeb. Nws cov kev xav tau suav nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no.
Ntxuav thiab tiv thaiv corrosion: Ua kom lub ntsej muag ntawm cov cuab yeej huv si, tsis tu ncua tshem tawm cov impurities xws li plua plav thiab roj, thiab tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej los ntawm overheating los yog corrosion vim av nkos. Rau cov hluav taws xob hoists siv sab nraum zoov, kev tiv thaiv corrosion kuj yuav tsum tau coj los siv, xws li siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb, txhawm rau txuas lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov khoom siv.
Kev hloov pauv thiab hloov kho: raws sijhawm hloov cov khoom hnyav hnyav, xws li cov hlua hlau, hooks, brakes, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis tu ncua kho cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv, xws li kho qhov nro ntawm cov hlua hlau, tshem tawm ntawm lub nres, thiab lwm yam. Kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua thiab kho cov khoom siv tuaj yeem txo cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm ntau dua 50%, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv.
Lubrication thiab refueling: Raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov khoom siv phau ntawv, tsis tu ncua refuel lub lubrication cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cuab yeej los xyuas kom meej lubrication zoo ntawm cov khoom. Siv cov roj lubricating uas tsim nyog, thiab xyuam xim rau kev huv ntawm cov roj lubricating kom tsis txhob muaj impurities nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab lubrication. Lub lubrication zoo tuaj yeem txo cov khoom hnav thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv.
Cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg thiab khaws cia: Tsim cov ntaub ntawv kho cov cuab yeej, sau cov ntsiab lus, lub sijhawm thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txhua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, kev saib xyuas thiab tu kom ntxaws, thiab khaws cia. Los ntawm kev sau thiab khaws cia, nws yooj yim rau kev nkag siab txog keeb kwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, muab cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev saib xyuas cov cuab yeej, thiab tseem tuaj yeem pab tshawb pom cov teeb meem hauv cov cuab yeej siv thiab siv sij hawm ntsuas los daws lawv.

7. Cov ntsiab lus
Raws li cov cuab yeej nqa khoom siv dav siv, cov hlua hlua hluav taws xob hoist muaj ntau yam kev nyab xeeb, uas ua ke kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv thaum siv.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov khoom siv kev ruaj ntseg cov yam ntxwv, cov cuab yeej kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus nuv thiab tsim cov hlua hlau thiab nruas yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo uas nruab rau ntawm tus nuv tuaj yeem txo qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm. Nws cov khoom siv muaj zog alloy steel thiab cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov siab heev ua rau nws muaj zog tensile thiab tuaj yeem nqa cov khoom raug tshem tawm. Kev sib tsoo ntawm txoj hlua hlau yog ntau dua qhov ua haujlwm nruj, thiab cov txheej txheem twisting siab heev txhim kho nws yooj yim thiab hnav tsis kam; qhov tsim nyog tsim ntawm lub nruas, xws li qhov tsim nyog txoj kab uas hla, qhov ntev thiab muab kauv zawj, kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj hlua hlau tsis sib haum, ua kom lub neej ntev kev pab cuam thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb.
Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas ua ntej yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais kev cob qhia kev tshaj lij thiab tuav cov ntawv pov thawj muaj qhov ua haujlwm yuam kev qis dua, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv thiab kev paub dhau los tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tshwm sim, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov system hluav taws xob, kev tshuaj xyuas lub nres nres thiab lub tshuab lubrication kev soj ntsuam ua ntej lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tshawb pom cov teeb meem ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, txo qhov tsis ua haujlwm zoo, thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm hauv lub xeev muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob, rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv to yog tsom. Lub rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam ntawm hluav taws xob hoist ua tau raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo insulating thiab kev soj ntsuam tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hluav taws xob luv luv thiab kev sib tsoo. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov dej xau tuaj yeem txiav tawm sai sai thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj. Nws txoj kev ntseeg siab thiab kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov cuab yeej zoo tiv thaiv cov dej xau thiab kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem txo qhov ua tsis tau zoo.
Hais txog kev txwv thiab nres kev nyab xeeb yam ntxwv, cov khoom siv sab saud thiab qis qis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo kom dhau qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev mus ncig thiab txo qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib tsoo; kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub braking system tuaj yeem ua kom cov khoom siv nres sai thiab nyab xeeb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub braking system tuaj yeem txo nws qhov tsis ua haujlwm.
Cov yam ntxwv kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txwv tsis pub nqa crooked thiab oblique lifting thiab hnyav khoom raug ncua thiab txwv kev txav mus los. Crooked thiab oblique lifting yuav ua rau kom qhov nro ntawm txoj hlua hlau, ua rau cov khoom puas thiab kev nyab xeeb raug xwm txheej, thaum lub sij hawm ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom hnyav, tsim nyog txav ceev, ntsug txav thiab kev nyab xeeb nyob deb yuav tsum zam kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom puas thiab raug mob.
Hauv kev saib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas kev nyab xeeb, kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua npog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov tshuab hluav taws xob, lub tshuab nres thiab lub tshuab lubrication, uas tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov teeb meem khoom siv tam sim ntawd; Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum muaj xws li kev tu thiab tiv thaiv corrosion, tivthaiv hloov thiab hloov kho, lubrication thiab refueling, thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia thiab archiving. Cov kev ntsuas no tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pabcuam ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, txo qhov tsis ua haujlwm, thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov hlua hluav taws xob hoist tau lees paub tag nrho los ntawm ntau yam xws li cov qauv khoom siv, cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm, cov tshuab hluav taws xob, txwv tsis pub nres, kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, thiab kev soj ntsuam xyuas. Cov yam ntxwv no ua haujlwm ua ke los tsim cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb uas ua tiav, uas txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb thaum siv cov khoom siv thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv.