Isesengura ryurunigi rwamaboko kuzamura umutekano gufunga kunanirwa

Isesengura ryibikorwa byurunigi rwo kuzamura umutekano gufunga: kunoza ubumenyi bwumutekano wabaguzi mpuzamahanga

Intangiriro
Mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, kuzamura amaboko ni ibikoresho bisanzwe byo guterura kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, mu bubiko, ahazubakwa n’ahandi hantu kugira ngo bazamure ibicuruzwa n’ibikoresho. Nyamara, nkigikoresho cyingenzi cyumutekano, gufunga umutekano wintoki zintoki birashobora guteza impanuka zikomeye mumutekano iyo binaniwe, bigatera igihombo kinini mubigo nabakiriya. Iyi ngingo izasesengura imanza nyinshi zakuzamura urunigikunanirwa gufunga umutekano, shakisha ibitera, ingaruka n'ingamba zo gukumira, hagamijwe kunoza ubumenyi bw’abaguzi mpuzamahanga ku bijyanye no kunanirwa gufunga umutekano w’amaboko, kugenzura imikoreshereze y’ibikoresho neza, bityo bikanoza kwinjiza no kumenyekanisha urubuga.

Ikiburanwa 1: Kwangiza ibikoresho byatewe no kumena urunigi nyamukuru rwo kuzamura urunigi rwamaboko
Inzira y'impanuka
Ku gicamunsi cyo ku ya 29 Werurwe 2018, Tang, kapiteni w’itsinda ry’ubwubatsi mu mahugurwa y’amashanyarazi y’uruganda rw’ubwato, yayoboye Liu, Zhang n'abandi kuzamura ibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi ya ballast (2630KG) mu cyumba cya moteri mu bwato bwo gusana. Ibikoresho bimaze kuzamurwa mu kabari ka NO.7 k’ubwato hamwe na 22T ya kane, yimuriwe mu kabari kavuye mu mwobo utunganyirizwa ku rukuta rw’inyuma rw’akabari ka NO.7 hamwe no kuzamura urunigi. Mugihe cyo guhererekanya ibikoresho no kwimura, urunigi nyamukuru rwo guterura 1T rukurura inyuma inyuma rwacitse giturumbuka, maze ibikoresho byakoreshwaga byerekeza imbere ya metero 0.4, amaherezo bikubita urukuta rwakabari, byangiza impera yimbere yibikoresho. Ku bw'amahirwe, nta gikomere ku giti cye cyatewe.
Impamvu Isesengura
Impamvu itaziguye ni uko itsinda ryubwubatsi ryakoresheje urunigi rwamaboko kugirango yimure ibikoresho, guhitamo gahunda ntibyari bifite ishingiro, kandi ikigo cyo guterura imbaraga cyatoranijwe mu buryo budakwiye, bikavamo imbaraga zikabije kumurongo munini wo guterura urunigi rwamaboko ya 1T yakoreshejwe mu gukurura ubwishingizi, ari nako byatumye impeta nyamukuru yumunyururu hamwe n’imvune zishaje zimeneka. Impamvu nyamukuru zirimo igenamigambi ridahagije ryo guterura ibikoresho no kwimura, guhitamo bidafite ishingiro gahunda yo guterura, kudashyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kurwanya kugongana, ibimenyetso bitemewe mu gihe cyo gukora, kandi kuzamura ubwishingizi byatoranijwe byari bito cyane kandi bifite ibikomere bishaje. Impamvu zitaziguye ni uko itsinda ryubwubatsi ritashyize mu bikorwa ingamba z'umutekano mbere yo gukora kandi gutegura mbere yakazi ntibyari bihagije; itumanaho mugihe cyibikorwa ntiryari ryoroshye, kandi ibikorwa byabakora ntibyahujwe; ibikoresho byo guterura nibikoresho ntabwo byagenzuwe neza mbere yo kubikoresha, kandi hari inenge; abakozi bashinzwe imishinga ntabwo bari bafite igenzura rihagije kurubuga kandi bananiwe guhita bavumbura no gukosora ibibazo murwego rwo guterura.
Amasomo n'ingamba zo gukumira
Mbere yo kubaka, gahunda yo guterura ibikoresho igomba gutegurwa neza kugirango gahunda ishoboke. Abakozi bose bubaka bagomba gusobanukirwa nibiteganijwe kandi bagakurikiza byimazeyo gahunda. Gutegura ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guterura, birambuye kubyerekeranye no guterura ibikoresho bitandukanye. Abakozi bashinzwe imiyoborere hamwe nabashinzwe gutwara igihe cyose bagomba kwiga no kumenya ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe nubumenyi bujyanye nubukanishi. Kora urugero rwerekana intoki zizamura zikurura dinometero, tegura abakora crane bose kugirango bakore imyitozo ifatika kumurongo wamaboko uzamura abantu benshi bahujwe, kandi ushimangire ibimenyetso byateganijwe kandi byoroshye. Shyira mubikorwa ibikoresho nibikoresho byo kugenzura, genzura no kwemeza mbere yo gukoreshwa, kandi uhite ushyira mubikorwa gukosora mugihe habonetse ibibazo kugirango umutekano wibintu. Abakozi bashinzwe imishinga bagomba gushimangira kugenzura umutekano aho bakorera kandi bagasaba abubatsi gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’umutekano hakurikijwe ibisabwa n’amabwiriza.

Ikiburanwa cya 2: Imikorere idahwitse yo kuzamura intoki mumwanya muto biganisha ku mpanuka yica iterwa nabantu bakubiswe nibintu
Inzira y'impanuka
Ahagana mu ma saa 16:50 ku ya 20 Ugushyingo 2014, Xiao na Tang, ibyuma bibiri by’itsinda ry’ubwubatsi mu gace ka elegitoroniki y’amashanyarazi, bashyiraga pompe hydraulic mu cyumba cy’umugozi ku ruhande rw’ibumoso rw'inyuma y'umushinga w'ubwubatsi. Bahambuye ifuni yo kuzamura amaboko ya 2T yimanitse ku mwobo wo hejuru ugutwi kwa pompe hydraulic yari isanzwe imeze neza, maze bimura icyuma munsi ya pompe hydraulic baracyimanika ku mugozi. Igihe bakururaga cyane, hagati y’uburemere bwa pompe hydraulic yatakaje ituze iragwa, ikubita Tang wari uhagaze hagati ya pompe hydraulic n’inyubako ya kabine, arapfa.
Impamvu
Impamvu itaziguye yari imikorere idahwitse yo kuzamura urunigi rwintoki mugihe cyo guterura ibikoresho byimurwa kandi uwabikoraga yahagaze kumurongo wapfuye wo guterura kugirango akure. Impamvu zitaziguye zirimo intera idahagije itambitse hagati yigitereko cyanyuma cyo kumanikwa hejuru ya 3T yo hejuru hejuru yindege ya pompe, hanyuma ikandagirwa hejuru ya pompe hydraulic, bigatuma bidashoboka guhagarara pompe hydraulic neza, no guhitamo nabi aho kuzamura 3T kuzamura. Muri icyo gikorwa, abo bantu bombi ntibigeze bafata icyemezo gihagije ku bijyanye n'ingaruka za pompe. Nyuma yo gukuraho icyuma cya 2T cyo kuzamura, ntibafashe ubundi buryo bwo gukumira ibicuruzwa, kandi bizeraga ko umubiri wa pompe ushobora kwishingikiriza ku cyapa kugira ngo ugumane umutekano. Abo bantu bombi ntibateguye ibikoresho byuzuye mbere yicyo gikorwa, ntibatwaye ibikoresho byihariye byo guhuza umwobo wa bolt, bahitamo kuzamura urunigi runini, kandi gutoranya ingufu mu gihe cyo kwishyiriraho no guhagarara ntibyari bifite ishingiro. Bombi bari bafite imyitwarire idakwiye mu bikorwa mu gihe cy’igikorwa, kandi abakorera ku rubuga bari bafite amakosa asanzwe.
Amasomo n'ingamba zo gukumira
Mugihe ukora ibikorwa byo kuzamura ahantu hato, inzira zumutekano zigomba gukurikizwa cyane kugirango ibikoresho bizamura bihamye. Mbere yo gukora, ingaruka zigomba gusuzumwa neza, kandi ingingo zo guterura hamwe nibikoresho byo guterura bigomba guhitamo neza kugirango umutekano wibikorwa bizamurwa. Gushimangira amahugurwa yumutekano yabakora, kunoza ubumenyi bwumutekano nubuhanga bwo gukora, no gukuraho ibikorwa bitemewe. Abayobozi kurubuga bagomba gushimangira ubugenzuzi, kuvumbura bidatinze no gukosora imyitwarire idakwiye, no kurinda umutekano wibikorwa.

Ikiburanwa cya 3: Impanuka yo guterura iterwa no kunanirwa gufunga urunigi rwamaboko
Inzira y'impanuka
Uruganda rwakoresheje urunigi rwamaboko mugihe rukora ibikorwa byo kuzamura ibikoresho. Mugihe cyo guterura, gufunga umutekano wumunyururu wamaboko byarananiranye, bituma ibikoresho byazamutse bigwa gitunguranye, hafi yabyo byahitanye abantu nibikoresho.
Impamvu Isesengura
Iperereza ryerekanye ko gufunga umutekano w’urunigi rw’intoki bitagenzuwe neza mbere yo kubikoresha, kandi hari kwambara no gusaza. Mugihe cyo guterura, kubera kunyeganyezwa ningaruka zibikoresho, gufunga umutekano ntibishobora gukora neza, bigatuma ibikoresho bigwa. Byongeye kandi, mugihe ukoresheje kuzamura urunigi rwamaboko, uyikoresha ntiyakurikije inzira yimikorere kandi yananiwe kuvumbura ibintu bidasanzwe byugarije umutekano mugihe.
Amasomo n'ingamba zo gukumira
Mbere yo gukoresha urunigi rwamaboko, kuzamura urunigi rwamaboko bigomba kugenzurwa byuzuye, cyane cyane ibice byingenzi nkibifunga umutekano, kugirango umenye neza ko bidahwitse. Buri gihe ubungabunge kandi ukorere urunigi rw'intoki, kandi usimbuze ibice byambarwa mugihe. Shimangira amahugurwa yumutekano kubakoresha kugirango bamenyere imikorere yimikorere nuburyo bwo kwirinda umutekano wokuzamura intoki no kunoza ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutabara. Mugihe cyo guterura, birakenewe gukurikiza byimazeyo inzira zikorwa kugirango umutekano wibikorwa byo guterura.

Ikiburanwa cya 4: Impanuka yangiza ibikoresho yatewe no kunanirwa gufunga umutekano wintoki
Inzira y'impanuka
Iyo ububiko bwakoreshaga urunigi rw'intoki mu kuzamura ibicuruzwa, gufunga umutekano w’urunigi rw’intoki byananiranye mu buryo butunguranye, bituma ibicuruzwa bigwa, bimenagura ibikoresho n’ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe mu bubiko, bitera igihombo kinini mu bukungu.
Impamvu
Mugihe cyo gukoresha igihe kirekire cyo gufunga umutekano wurwego rwamaboko, kubera kubura kubitaho no kubitaho, ibice byimbere byambaraga cyane kandi ntibishobora gukora mubisanzwe. Iyo uteruye ibicuruzwa biremereye, igitutu cyo gufunga umutekano cyiyongereye, amaherezo biganisha ku gutsindwa. Muri icyo gihe, abakozi bashinzwe ububiko ntibacungaga neza umutekano w’ukuzamura intoki, ntibashyizeho uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura no kubungabunga, kandi bananiwe kuvumbura no gukemura ikibazo cy’ifungwa ry’umutekano mu gihe.
Amasomo n'ingamba zo gukumira
Ishami rishinzwe gucunga ububiko rigomba gushyiraho no kunoza uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano wo kuzamura intoki, kugenzura buri gihe, kubungabunga no gukomeza kuzamura urutoki kugira ngo rumenye neza. Shimangira amahugurwa yumutekano kubakoresha ububiko kugirango bumve neza imikoreshereze yumutwaro wamaboko hamwe no gukemura amakosa asanzwe. Mbere yo guterura ibikorwa, genzura neza gufunga umutekano nibindi bice byingenzi bigize urunigi rwamaboko, hanyuma ukemure ibibazo mugihe. Birabujijwe rwose gukoresha urunigi rwamaboko hamwe n’umutekano muke mubikorwa byo guterura.

Umwanzuro
Isesengura ryibibazo byamaboko yo kuzamura umutekano wananiwe gufunga bifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere umutekano wabaguzi mpuzamahanga. Binyuze mu isesengura ryimbitse ryimanza nyinshi zifatika, twamenye ko impamvu zananiwe kunanirwa gufunga urunigi rwumutekano wintoki zinyuranye, harimo ibibazo byubwiza bwibikoresho ubwabyo, imikorere idahwitse mugihe ikoreshwa, kubura igenzura rihoraho no kuyitaho, nibindi. Izi manza ziduha amasomo yingirakamaro kandi atwibutsa ko tugomba kubahiriza byimazeyo inzira zikorwa zumutekano mugihe dukoresheje kuzamura urunigi rwamaboko no gushimangira gucunga no gufata neza ibikoresho.
Mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, umutekano niwo wambere wambere. Gusa nukwemeza gukoresha ibikoresho neza birashobora gukora imikorere isanzwe yikigo ninyungu zabakiriya. Twizera ko isesengura n'ibitekerezo biri muriyi ngingo bishobora gutanga ibitekerezo byingirakamaro kubakoresha n'abaguzi bazamura amaboko kandi bigateza imbere iterambere ry’inganda.